Withdrawal pain can be a barrier to opioid cessation. Yet, little is known about old injury site pain in this context. We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods descriptive case series using a web-based survey and in-person interviews with adults recruited from pain and addiction treatment and research settings. We included individuals who self-reported a past significant injury that was healed...

BACKGROUND Acute and chronic pain is prevalent in patients with opioid dependence. Lack of knowledge concerning the complex relationship between pain, opioid use, and withdrawal syndrome can account for the barriers encountered for pain management. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual (SL) buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia, compared with intravenous (IV) morph...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of an opioid taper algorithm on the length of taper, pain levels, withdrawal symptoms, and satisfaction with pain management in hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant (HPCT) recipients and nurse documentation of patient response to taper. DESIGN Quasi-experimental. SETTING A 32-bed HPCT unit in a large tertiary U.S. healthcare center. SAMPLE 106...

Opioids are effective analgesic agents but serious adverse effects such as tolerance and withdrawal contribute to opioid dependence and limit their use. Opioid withdrawal involves numerous brain regions and includes suppression of dopamine release and activation of neurons in the ventral striatum. By contrast, acute opioids increase dopamine release. Like withdrawal, acute opioids also activate...

The relative involvement of kappa opioid receptors in the mediation of behavioral and neurochemical responses to withdrawal from chronic drug treatment with the opioid analgesic butorphanol was studied using in vivo microdialysis to detail extracellular fluid concentrations of glutamate and aspartate within the locus ceruleus. Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered opioid dependent after 3 days of i...

Prolonged administration of benzodiazepines and/or opioids to children in a pae diatric intensive care unit (PICU) may induce physiological depen dence and withdrawal symptoms. We reviewed the lit erature for relevant contributions on the nature of these withdrawal symptoms and on availability of valid scoring systems to assess the extent of symptoms in children. Symptoms of benzodiazepine and ...

OBJECTIVE To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 for monitoring opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms in pediatric patients. DESIGN Prospective psychometric evaluation. Pediatric critical care nurses assessed eligible at-risk pediatric patients for the presence of 19 withdrawal symptoms and rated the patient's overall withdrawal intensity ...

Zhou, Q. 2001, The Impact of Substance P (SP) N-Terminal Metabolite SP1-7 in Opioid Tolerance and Withdrawal. Acta Univ. Ups. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 260. 60 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5174-8. The heptapeptide SP1-7, a metabolite of the neuroactive peptide substance P (SP), is suggested to play a role in opioid addiction and memory function. T...

Chronic opioid antagonist treatment up-regulates opioid receptors and produces functional supersensitivity. Although opioid antagonists vary from neutral to inverse, the role of antagonist efficacy in mediating the chronic effects of opioid antagonists is not known. In this study, the effects of two putative inverse agonists (naltrexone, naloxone) and a putative neutral antagonist (6beta-naltre...