Given a code from a shift space to an irreducible sofic shift, any two of the following three conditions – open, constant-to-one, (right or left) closing – imply the third. If the range is not sofic, then the same result holds when bi-closingness replaces closingness. Properties of open mappings between shift spaces are investigated in detail. In particular, we show that a closing open (or cons...

Various soft topologies are being introduced on a given function space soft topological spaces. In this paper, soft compact-open topology is defined in functional spaces of soft topological spaces. Further, these functional spaces are studied and interrelations between various functional spaces with soft compact-open topology are established.

in this article we review an algebraic definition of the gyrogroup and a simplified version of the gyrovector space with two fundamental examples on the open ball of finite-dimensional euclidean space, which are the einstein and möbius gyrovector spaces. we introduce the structure of gyrovector space and the gyroline on the open convex cone of positive definite matrices and see its interest...

In the past few years, research on sober spaces and well-filtered has got some breakthrough progress. this paper, we shall present a brief summarizing survey of such development. Furthermore, pose illustrate open problems spaces.

in this paper, using pre-semi-open l-sets and their inequality, a new notion of ps-compactness is introduced in l-topological spaces, where l is a complete de morgan algebra. this notion does not depend on the structure of the basis lattice l and l does not need any distributivity.

This paper introduces the concepts of fuzzy pseudo-open sets in fuzzy topological spaces and fuzzy pseudo-continuous functions between fuzzy topological spaces. Several characterizations of fuzzy pseudo-open sets are established. A conditions under which fuzzy hyper-connected spaces become fuzzy Baire spaces, is obtained by means of fuzzy pseudo-open sets. Several examples are given to illustra...

studying the ecology of halophyte plant species provides useful information for reclamation and managements of arid and semiarid rangelands. this research was implemented as a pot experiment in which seeds of three rangeland species (erotiaceratoides, agropyrndesertorum, and salsolaarbusculiformis) were sown in the soil taken from understory of salsola or from the open spaces. soil samples were...