نتایج جستجو برای: oligodendrocyte
تعداد نتایج: 4901 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In the vertebrate spinal cord, oligodendrocytes arise from the ventral part of the neuroepithelium, a region also known to generate somatic motoneurons. The emergence of oligodendrocytes, like that of motoneurons, depends on an inductive signal mediated by Sonic hedgehog. We have defined the precise timing of oligodendrocyte progenitor specification in the cervico-brachial spinal cord of the ch...
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In the present study, we investigated whether erythropoietin (Epo) has a protective effect against cytotoxicity induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary rat oligodendrocyte cultures. The possible modulatory effect of erythropoietin on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and nitrite production were also analyzed. Erythropoietin exerted a...
Oligodendrocytes have been considered as a functionally homogeneous population in the central nervous system (CNS). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 5072 cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage from 10 regions of the mouse juvenile and adult CNS. Thirteen distinct populations were identified, 12 of which represent a continuum from Pdgfra(+) oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to disti...
The myelin-synthesizing oligodendrocyte is compromised in many neuropathological diseases, including demyelinating diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis), metabolic diseases (e.g. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher), infectious diseases (e.g. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. multisystem degeneration), and possibly neoplasms (e.g. oligodendrogliomas). Understanding the...
Oligodendrocytes form myelin around axons of the central nervous system, enabling saltatory conduction. Recent work has established that axons can regulate certain aspects of oligodendrocyte development and myelination, yet remarkably oligodendrocytes in culture retain the ability to differentiate in the absence of axons and elaborate myelin sheaths around synthetic axon-like substrates. It rem...
Recent evidence indicates that oligodendrocytes originate initially from the ventral neural tube. We have documented in chick embryos the effect of early ventralization of the dorsal neural tube on oligodendrocyte differentiation. Notochord or floor plate grafted at stage 10 in dorsal position induced the development of oligodendrocyte precursors in the dorsal spinal cord. In vitro, oligodendro...
During central nervous system (CNS) development, oligodendrocyte precursors originate in specific locations and subsequently migrate to all regions of the CNS. Here, we demonstrate that the chick optic nerve is populated by oligodendrocyte precursors, which initially appeared in a focal region at the ventral midline of the third ventricle at stage 26-27. Oligodendrocyte precursors migrated into...
Mutations in GPR56, a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family, cause a human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of BFPP brains reveals myelination defects in addition to brain malformation. However, the cellular role of GPR56 in oligodendrocyte development remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that loss of ...
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