In isolated rat hepatocytes, mepacrine stimulated the conversion of [1-14C]oleate into 14CO2 and depressed the formation of acid-soluble products from [1-14C]oleate. The action of mepacrine on [1-14C]oleate oxidation was not affected by exogenously applied phospholipase A2 (from Crotalus adamanteus venom) or arachidonic acid. It is suggested that mepacrine may exert its metabolic effects in iso...

Although lipids are essential nutrients in the mammalian diet, we have shown that fatty acids are injurious to epithelial cells of developing piglet intestine during luminal perfusion. Furthermore, the intestine of young animals sustains greater injury than that of older piglets. In an effort to understand the mechanism for this developmental injury, we investigated whether changes in the chemi...

PURPOSE Use of lipid nanoemulsions as carriers of drugs for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes has been increasingly studied. Here, it was tested whether modifications of core particle constitution could affect the characteristics and biologic properties of lipid nanoemulsions. METHODS Three nanoemulsions were prepared using cholesteryl oleate, cholesteryl stearate, or cholesteryl linoleate a...

Chromatin structure is implicated in regulating gene transcription in stress response. Transcription factors, transferases and deacetylases, such as multicopy suppressor of SNF1 protein 2 (Msn2), SET domain-containing protein 1 (Set1) and sucrose NonFermenting protein 1 (Snf1), have been identified as key regulators in stress response. In the present study, we reported the dynamics of nucleosom...

1. In kidney-cortex slices from the well-fed rat, glucose (5mm) supplied 25-30% of the respiratory fuel; in the starved state, the corresponding value was 10%. These results are based on measurements of the net uptake of glucose and of the specific radioactivity of labelled carbon dioxide formed in the presence of [U-(14)C]-glucose. 2. Added acetoacetate (5mm) or butyrate (10mm) provided up to ...

The peroxisome, sole site of beta-oxidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is known to be required for optimal growth in the presence of fatty acid. Screening of the haploid yeast deletion collection identified approximately 130 genes, 23 encoding peroxisomal proteins, necessary for normal growth on oleic acid. Oleate slightly enhances growth of wild-type yeast and inhibits growth of all strains ...

Saturated fatty acids are implicated in the development of insulin resistance, whereas unsaturated fatty acids may have a protective effect on metabolism. We tested in primary human myotubes if insulin resistance induced by saturated fatty acid palmitate can be ameliorated by concomitant exposure to unsaturated fatty acid oleate. Primary human myotubes were pretreated with palmitate, oleate or ...

AIMS To develop a method to assess the relative binding of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and free fatty acids (FFA) to albumin, and to determine if binding affinity is related to fatty acid chain length and or degree of saturation. METHODS Radiolabelled ethyl-[14C] oleate bound to albumin was challenged with various ratios of FFA to FAEE. The displacement of ethyl-[14C] oleate by FFA was vis...

Because excess triacylglycerol (TAG) in nonadipose tissues is closely associated with the development of insulin resistance, interest has increased in the metabolism of long-chain acyl-CoAs toward beta-oxidation or the synthesis and storage of TAG. To learn whether a mitochondrial isoform of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (mtGPAT1) competes with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) fo...

Diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia increase risk for cardiovascular disease, and expose the heart to high plasma fatty acid (FA) levels. Recent studies suggest that distinct FA species are cardiotoxic (e.g., palmitate), while others are cardioprotective (e.g., oleate), although the molecular mechanisms mediating these observations are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to i...