This article argues that trade in services has a specific feature that does not apply to trade in goods. As the traded service is partly produced where it is consumed (i.e. in the importing country), we propose that it must use interactively inputs from both the exporting and importing countries. The modelling of the specificity of traded services is inspired from the O-ring production function...

The use of a measure incorporating traceability that directly or indirectly affects international trade is permitted under the World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, provided that the measure is applied in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement. These provisions state that the measure must be necessary, scientifically justified, no...

The study is an attempt to examine empirically the effects of oil price shock on current account imbalances. analysis carried out cross-country panel 160 countries that are divided into three different groups base their level imports. relationship between and imbalances rigorously assessed using two approaches. Firstly, seemingly unrelated regression models used estimate with transmission chann...

Oil is an important strategic resource of the country, and oil trade structure related to national security. In this paper, based on data China’s import from 2017 2021, using methods concentration, Shannon entropy index, quantitative evaluation structure, authors analyze pattern security 7 varieties, including crude oil, vehicle gasoline, aviation naphtha, kerosene, No. 5-7 fuel unburned petrol...

The world oil market is modelled as a two-person non-zero-sum game in normal form with each player having a continuum of strategies. The two players are the oil importing nations (OPIC) and the oil exporting nations (OPEC). The game is solved in the noncooperative sense using the equilibrium point solution concept due to Nash. The Nash equilibrium point solution yields an analytic expression fo...

Oil is one of the main inputs demanded by production, heating and transportation sectors in many developed developing countries. In countries where rate industrialization growth high, dependence on oil constantly increasing. Factors such as fact that large reserves are located certain regions world, differences extraction costs, supply demand imbalances cause prices to fluctuate.
 The macr...

This paper discussed the impact of higher oil prices on the Pakistan’s economy during 1990 to 2008. Pakistan is not oil producing rather oil-importing country. An increase in oil price leads to inflation, increase budget deficit and puts downward pressure on exchange rate which makes imports more expensive. The rising oil prices are the major concern for all the developing economies and Pakista...

Genetic evaluation strategies were studied using simulated data for three lactation traits in each of two importing and two exporting countries, each running a typical progeny test program. Conversion (CNV), multiple-trait across-country evaluation (MACE) and global animal model (GAM) strategies were considered. Base populations were either unselected, or all males were above average, and expor...

Purpose This study aims to examine the most influential drivers, both product-specific and consumer-specific, affecting Asian consumers' willingness pay (WTP) for organic olive oil. Design/methodology/approach To individuate drivers of WTP products assess their effect, in terms configurational paths consumer profiles, this sequentially employs explorative factor analysis approach a fuzzy-set qu...