The high productivity of oil biosynthesized by microalgae has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Due to the application of such oils in jet fuels, the algal biosynthetic pathway toward oil components has been extensively researched. However, the utilization of the residue from algal cells after oil extraction has been overlooked. This residue is mainly composed of carbohydrates (st...

A deodorizing substance in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), a spice for curry and vegetable foods in Southwest Asia, was examined. The essential oil prepared from the seeds of this plant exhibited strong deodorizing activity against methyl mercaptan, which is a main factor in oral malodor. After purification with silica gel column chromatography, the active substance in black cumin seed oil was...

We consider the task of filtering the noise from images and other types of inputs which are assumed to be piecewise continuous and piecewise monotone. We show that nonlinear diffusion of the data, a powerful filtering method, is too restrictive for such a case, leading to piecewise constant functions. We claim that the piecewise monotonicity can be enhanced by nonlinear diffusion of first parti...

The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. ABSTRACT We conduct a comprehensive analysis of unspanned stochastic volatility in commodity markets in general and the crude-oil market in particular. We present model-free results that strongly suggest the presence of unspanned stochastic volatility in th...

A series of catechol derivatives with a different number of linear alkyl chain substituents, and different length, have been shown to polymerize in the presence of aqueous ammonia and air, yielding hydrophobic coatings that present the ability to provide robust and efficient water repellency on weaved textiles, including hydrophilic cotton. The polymerization strategy presented exemplifies an a...

Basis = price of hedged asset-price of hedging instrument problem of basis risk: uncertainties of processes describing the evolution of prices of asset and hedging instrument not identical, only highly correlated Example 1: weather derivatives hedged asset: heating oil sales, hedging instrument: HDD derivative HDD derivative: contract paying a premium in case HDD above a critical threshold Exam...

ÐThe essential oils from Piper capense, P. nigrum, P. guineense and P. umbellatum from S. Tome e Prõ ncipe were investigated for the ®rst time. They were analysed by GC, GC-mass spectrometry and C NMR. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of constituents in three of the samples (P. capense, P. nigrum and P. umbellatum), whereas for the other species (P. guineense) phenylpropanoid deri...

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the oil obtained at pyrolysis of Jordan oil shale in a fluidised-bed reactor in the atmosphere of nitrogen and nitrogen/steam has been investigated. The final pyrolysis temperature was 520 °C, at which the maximum oil yield was established. The derived oils were fractionated into chemical classes using mini-column liquid chromatography f...

The Phlomis bracteosa oil constituents of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer. The results obtained containing the saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids of P. bracteosa oils. A total of 18 different components were identified and quantified. Methyl ester of octadecadienoic acid was found in high concentration 6.88 %,...

Dibenzothiophene (DBT) derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment, and they are widely recognized as target compounds for more efficient desulfurization. The moderately thermophilic bacterium Mycobacterium phlei WU-F1 was isolated for its ability to grow at 50 degrees C in a medium with DBT as the sole source of sulfur. At 50 degrees C, resting cells of W...