“Whereas there are large seepages of petroleum along the Arctic Coast of Alaska and conditions favorable to the occurrence of valuable petroleum fi elds on the Arctic Coast . . .” President Warren G. Harding used those words in 1923 to describe the apparent petroleum potential of a tract of land on the western North Slope of Alaska, when he issued a one-page executive order establishing the 23-...

On a cold day in February 2001, a spacecraft landed on 433 Eros, an asteroid between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The spacecraft had completed its five-year journey to investigate fundamental questions about the nature and origin of near-Earth objects for the first time. The technical demands of the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous NEAR-Shoemaker (NEAR) mission were immense. A multidisciplinar...

Understanding the sources and quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical to developing an emissions inventory that accurately represents various oil and gas industry segment operations. To address this, the American Petroleum Institute (API) formed a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methodology Working Group. The working group’s objectives were to review, summarize and recommend methodolo...

the most costly operation in the oil exploration is the well network drilling. one of the most effectiveways to reduce the cost of drilling networks is decreasing the number of the required wells byselecting the optimum situation of the rig placement. in this paper, balas algorithm is used as a modelfor optimizing the cost function in oil well network, where the vertical and directional drillin...

Quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) is regularly used for online monitoring of gaseous systems. With the advent of miniature QMS, it is possible to apply this capability to the analysis of gas samples extracted from drilling mud during exploration and development of oil and gas fields. QMS analysis can provide rapid compositional data for a range of hydrocarbons, providing early recognition of p...

We have used this framework to implement a number of exemplar GAs from the literature, and an original GA to solve a problem in oil-well exploration. Our framework provides precise control over the stochastic processes underlying the GA, which allows for experimentation. The time taken to implement a GA using our framework is significantly reduced. As well as providing a generic implementation ...

introduction exposure to chronic levels of ionizing radiation could be detrimental to health even at very low doses. calabar free trade zone (cftz) was established to promote export business in nigeria and it is yet to produce exposure data of the zone. materials and methods the zone was divided into three categories depending on the type of business. category a had facilities with manufacturin...

The U.S. Mineral Management Service (MMS) uses auctions to allocate exploration and drilling rights for oil and gas on federal lands on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The federal offshore leasing program began in 1954, and there have been few alterations in the auction mechanism. However, the environment in which firms bid in these auctions has experienced a number of substantial changes. O...