This paper reviews the basic ideas underlying one-dimensional uid dynamic models of coronal loops and presents some of their most recent applications. These models are an important theoretical support to explore the new scenario provided by the data of Yohkoh, SOHO and TRACE, and are useful to interpret observations, when supplemented by appropriate spectral synthesis codes. Possible developmen...

The number of hospital beds per head of population has fallen by more than 2% a year since 1980. Levels of bed occupancy have risen during this period. Appropriate bed occupancy is crucial to the NHS, as occupancy rates exceeding 85% in acute hospitals are associated with problems in dealing with emergency and elective admissions. We aimed to develop a valid instrument for the objective assessm...

This paper introduces the concept of a temporal occupancy grid as a method for modeling and classifying spatial areas according to the time properties of their occupancy. The method extends the idea of occupancy grids[1] by considering occupancy over a number of different timescales. This paper presents the basic formalism and its implementation using planar laser rangefinders. It includes the ...

The Kyoto Protocol and the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive put an onus on governments and organisations to lower carbon footprint in order to contribute towards reducing global warming. A key parameter to be considered in buildings towards energy and cost savings is its indoor lighting that has a major impact on overall energy usage and Carbon Dioxide emissions. Lighting cont...

Knowing the presence or the actual number of occupants in a space at any given time is essential for the effective management of various building operation functions such as security and environmental control (e.g., lighting, HVAC). As occupants “interact” with the indoor environment, they will affect environmental conditions through the emission of CO2, heat and sound, and relatively little ef...

The risk of long range, herein ‘airborne', infection needs to be better understood and is especially urgent during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a method determine relative airborne transmission that can readily deployed with either modelled or monitored CO 2 data occupancy levels within an indoor space. For spaces regularly, consistently, occupied by same group people, e.g. open-plan offic...