The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a welldocumented phenomenon, in which the airtemperature in an urban area is elevated relative to the regional air-temperature. This paper evaluates two recently developed methods for generating urban weather files from a rural station that account for microclimatic impacts on dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. The two methods examined are computat...

A product customization system with integrated application services is helpful for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The mode of application service provider (ASP) particularly targets SMEs by providing integrated applications. The current product customization system seldom considers integrating with ASPs and orienting product lifecycle. In this article, an ASP-based product customizat...

By examining solar observations using the Normal Incidence Spectrometer (NIS) within the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on board SOHO, an isothermal region in the lower solar corona was chosen for analysis by three different temperature diagnostic techniques. These techniques are the line-ratio method, the Differential Emission Measure and the Emission Measure analysis. All three methods...

Aims. To determine the neon-to-oxygen abundance in the quiet Sun, a proxy for the photospheric abundance ratio. Methods. An emission measure method applied to extreme ultraviolet emission lines of Ne iv–vi and O iii–v ions observed by the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer on the SOHO satellite. is suggested, in good agreement with the most recent compilation of solar photospheric abundances, but ...

Using joint observations taken with the CDS and SUMER instruments onboard SOHO, we re-examine the solar transition region in an attempt to determine whether it is de-coupled from the over-lying coronal region. Line ratios calculated from temporal series observations of O iv and Fe xiii spectral lines were converted to electron density, and hence electron pressure using theoretical line ratios. ...

While most prior studies on Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) and Web Services adoption have focused on large counterparts, this research recognizes the importance of these technologies, and realizes the difficulties involved in their effective adoption by Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this paper is to study as to whether the resources constraints (time, finance, a...

March brings March Madness, the annual conclusion to the U.S. men’s college basketball season with two single elimination basketball tournaments showcasing the best college teams in the country. Almost as mad is the plethora of office pools across the country where the object is to pick a priori as many game winners as possible in the tournament. More generally, the object in an office pool is ...

Evidence suggests that small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have failed to capitalize on the Internet to facilitate the management of customer relations (e-CRM) and the creation of competitive advantage (Chen & Popovich, 2003; Geiger & Martin, 1999; McGowan et al., 2001; O’Toole, 2001). This is attributed to a lack of influence, time, finance and specialised knowledge, (Carson & Gilmore, 20...

The solar f-mode is a surface gravity wave which high horizontal wavenumber k and the frequency ω satisfy the dispersion relation ω2 = gk, where g is the surface gravity of the Sun. However, the observations of this mode revealed deviations from this simple dispersion relation. According to these observations for high values of k the f-mode frequency is significantly lower than the frequency gi...

Purpose: In all Western countries, ageing populations cause the demand for elderly care services to increase dramatically. In addition, elderly clients are getting more demanding about the services they require to fulfil their widely varying and multiple needs. Besides, cost reductions have been the focus of governmental policies and organisational practices for many years. Health care provider...