The capacitated arc routing problem is a very important with many practical applications. This paper focuses on the large scale problem. Traditional solution optimization approaches usually fail because of their poor scalability. divide-and-conquer strategy has achieved great success in solving problems by decomposing original into smaller sub-problems and them separately. For routing, commonly...

The reduction of coercive or inadequate parenting is essential if the mental health status of Australian children and adolescents is to be improved. Of the available approaches that address parenting practices, behavioural family interventions have the strongest empirical support and are effective in reducing parenting practices that contribute to the development of behavioural and emotional pr...

We investigated the long-term effects of parental divorce in childhood on demographic outcomes in young adulthood, using a British longitudinal national survey of children. Our analyses control for predisruption characteristics of the child and the family, including emotional problems, cognitive achievement, and socioeconomic status. The results show that by age 23, those whose parents divorced...

BACKGROUND Preschool language and neurodevelopmental problems often persist and impede learning. The aims of the current study are to assess the uptake of a new universal 30 month health visitor contact and to quantify the prevalence of language delay and social/emotional difficulties. METHODS All families of 30 month old children in four Glasgow localities were offered a visit from their hea...

v

UNLABELLED Smoking is a highly addictive behaviour, often initiated during adolescence. It is suggested that smoking is associated with behavioural and emotional problems. This study aims to assess the impact of psychosocial problems on smoking initiation and vice versa. METHOD We obtained data on self-reported psychosocial problems and smoking of adolescents at the age of 13 years and 2 year...