How do odor preferences arise? Following Palmer and Schloss's (2010, PNAS, 107, 8877-8882) ecological valence theory of color preferences, we propose that preference for an odor is determined by preferences for all objects and/or entities associated with that odor. The present results showed that preferences for familiar odors were strongly predicted by average preferences for all things associ...

Odor intensity (OI) indicates the perceived intensity of an odor by the human nose, and it is usually rated by specialized assessors. In order to avoid restrictions on assessor participation in OI evaluations, the Vector Model which calculates the OI of a mixture as the vector sum of its unmixed components' odor intensities was modified. Based on a detected linear relation between the OI and th...


 
 In
olfaction,
the
olfactory
sensory
neuron
(OSN)
is
the
point
where
chemical
 environment
activates
an
electrochemical
signaling
that
will
result
in
odor
 perception.
The
OSNs
in
the
main
olfactory
epithelium
are
part
of
a
four
part
 olfactory
system
that
provides
chemical
sensory
information,
and
can
alter
behavior
 through
odor
recognition,
pheromone
detection,
and
memory
retrieval.

 
 H...

Odor plumes are common features of aquatic and terrestrial environments, forming an olfactory landscape through which animals must navigate to locate resources and avoid potential hazards. Time-averaged concentration profiles suggest that plumes consist of stable gradients in odor that animals may use for orientation. However, the time scales necessary to generate such profiles are much longer ...

Chemotaxis is important for the survival of most animals. How the brain translates sensory input into motor output beyond higher olfactory processing centers is largely unknown. We describe a group of excitatory neurons, termed Odd neurons, which are important for Drosophila larval chemotaxis. Odd neurons receive synaptic input from projection neurons in the calyx of the mushroom body and proje...

Research was conducted to determine suitable chemical parameters as indicators of odor from decomposing food wastes. Prepared food scraps were stored in 18 l plastic buckets (2 kg wet weight each) at 20 °C and 8 °C to reproduce high and low temperature conditions. After 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of storage, the odor from the buckets were marked to an intensity scale of 0 (no odor) to 5 (intense) ...

Problem statement: There have been many works for odor recognition using different sensor arrays and pattern recognition techniques in last decades. Approach: Although an odor is usually recorded utilizing language expression, it is too difficult for laymen to associate actual odor with that expression. Results: The odor sensing system should be extended to new areas since its standard style wh...

Casting behavior (zigzagging across an odor stream) is common in air/liquid-borne odor tracking in open fields; however, terrestrial odor localization often involves path selection in a familiar environment. To study this, we trained rats to run toward an odor source in a multi-choice olfactory arena with near-laminar airflow. We find that rather than casting, rats run directly toward an odor p...

How are sensory representations in the brain influenced by the state of an animal? Here we use chronic two-photon calcium imaging to explore how wakefulness and experience shape odor representations in the mouse olfactory bulb. Comparing the awake and anesthetized state, we show that wakefulness greatly enhances the activity of inhibitory granule cells and makes principal mitral cell odor respo...

Odor control policy in Japan has been based on the Offensive Odor Control Law, which regulates the emission of offensive odors generated from business to prevent a nuisance occurring. In Korea, odor control has been under the Air Conservation Law at present. But the Korean Offensive Odor Control Law, newly prepared to be enacted this year, strengthening the regulation of emission of odor, have ...