Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF, also called RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL) stimulates the differentiation of osteoclast progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage into osteoclasts in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF, also called CSF-1). When mouse bone marrow cells were cultured with M-CSF, M-CSF-dependent bone marrow macrophages (M-BMM phi) appeared within 3 d. Tartr...

Outlier detection is an important task in data mining that enjoys a wide range of applications such as detections of credit card fraud, criminal activity and exceptional patterns in databases. In recent years, there have been numerous research work in outlier detection and the new notions such as distance-based outliers and density-based local outliers have been proposed. However, the existing ...

High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) demands a higher amount of data measurements compared to Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), restricting its use in practice. We propose to represent the probabilistic Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) in the frame of Spherical Wavelets (SW), where it is highly sparse. From a reduced subset of measurements (nearly four times less than the stan...

Introduction: Q-ball imaging (Tuch 2004) is a high angular resolution diffusion MR imaging technique proven successful in resolving multiple intravoxel fiber orientations. Standard computations of the orientation distribution function (ODF, the probability of diffusion in a given direction) from q-ball use radial projections and do not consider the solid angle, resulting in distributions differ...

The study examines the role of online discussion forums (ODFs) in learning process, using Garrison, Anderson and Archer's (2000) Community Inquiry (CoI) model, particularly on development metacognitive skills, higher-order thinking skills collaborative learning, all which provide impetus for workplace such as analytical teamwork. To achieve that, adopts qualitative content analysis method to ex...

We introduce a fibre tract segmentation algorithm based on the geometric coherence of fibre orientations as indicated by a streamline flow model. The inference of local flow approximations motivates a pairwise consistency measure between fibre ODF maxima. We use this measure in a recursive algorithm to cluster consistent ODF maxima, leading to the segmentation of white matter pathways. The meth...

OBJECTIVE Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF; also known as osteoprotegerin ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine) is a recently described cytokine known to be critical in inducing the differentiation of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage into osteoclasts. The role of osteoclasts in bone erosion in rhe...

It is necessary to instill concern about the environment, particularly management of solid waste among youngsters as habits are easily inculcated at a young age. This study assesses municipal (MSW) recycling behavior students in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analyses. There moderate positive correlation between Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) Other ...

It has become very common in the current information society to talk about “open” and to use this term as a quality mark. Open standards, open source software, open archives, open formats etc. are all very much promoted. In this contribution, we would like to focus on the file structure of documents such as texts, spreadsheets and presentations, and more specifically on the Open Document Format...