introduction: to compare outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery (rirs) with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl) as treatment of choice. methods: a total number of 46 patients with renal pelvic stones 10-20 mm and body mass index (bmi) >30 randomized in two groups underwent rirs and eswl from 2011 to 2014 and followed for 3 months. results: the patients mean ± sd age was 36.1 ± 13.1 ...

objective: the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents is increasing worldwide. the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adolescent students11-19 year old in birjand, east of iran. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study in 2012 was conducted on 2453 students (1296 girls and 1157 boys) who had been selected through multi st...

Obesity is one of the health problems in the developing and developed countries. Obesity subjects the individuals with metabolic and endocrine disorders. It is obvious that vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency may lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Thus, obesity increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency. Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents w...

Breakfast is a main effective component in a safe dietary lifestyle. Obesity is a social and clinical problem of the present century that is highly prevalent among different societies. The worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980. Many studies showed that the diet of obese people is insufficient. It is also observed that many obese and overweight people skip breakfast or do not p...

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a growing global health problem, but in the view of medical ethics, obesity management in children is associated with challenges. Method and materials: This study is a comprehensive review in English (Cochrane Library, and PubMed) and Persian literature which pointed to the ethical aspects of pediatrics obesity management with content analysis. Results: In t...

objective: the prevalence of obesity is rising in both developed and developing countries. globally, it is estimated that nearly one billion adults are overweight at least 300 million of them are clinically obese. in afghanistan no published data is available regarding non-communicable diseases including obesity. this paper reports the prevalence and associated risk factors of obesity among adu...

Obesity is a major risk factor for many diseases in children. Considering the widespread pandemic of pediatric obesity, developing more strategies for life style management of this disorder is essential. Therefore it was decided to conduct a more comprehensive study for prevention and treatment children obesity based on Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM). In this review we searched the most imp...