Cryptosporidium andersoni ATP-binding cassette (CaABC) is an important membrane protein involved in substrate transport across the membrane. In this research, the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of CaABC gene was amplified by PCR, and the eukaryotic expression vector of pEGFP-C1-CaNBD was reconstructed. Then, the recombinant plasmid of pEGFP-C1-CaNBD was transformed into the mouse intestinal ep...

We compared the results of 12 recently calibrated regional SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) models covering most of the continental United States to evaluate the consistency and regional differences in factors affecting stream nutrient loads. The models - 6 for total nitrogen and 6 for total phosphorus - all provide similar levels of prediction accuracy, but th...

Bacteria often encounter environments where nutrient availability is limited, and they must adapt accordingly. To identify Pasteurella multocida genes that are differentially expressed during nutrient limitation, we utilized whole-genome microarrays to compare levels of gene expression during growth in rich and minimal media. Our analysis showed that the levels of expression of a total of 669 g...

The effect of oral co-administration of nutrients on intestinal drug absorption is a function of drug dissolution, gastrointestinal (GI) residence time and intestinal membrane transport. Nutrient effects on GI residence time may influence the availability of the drug for absorption when dissolution is rate controlling; alternatively, nutrient effects on membrane transport pathways may dictate v...

Many microorganisms rely on binding-protein (BP) assisted, active transport systems for scavenging of scarce nutrients. Several hypotheses have been raised to explain the advantage of such uptake systems; attempting to rationalise the benefits of the relatively high BP concentrations in the periplasm and the coupling of transport to free energy transduction. Despite the appeal of these hypothes...

Appropriate in utero growth is essential for offspring development and is a critical contributor to long-term health. Fetal growth is largely dictated by the availability of nutrients in maternal circulation and the ability of these nutrients to be transported into fetal circulation via the placenta. Substrate flux across placental gradients is dependent on the accessibility and activity of nut...

Endolymph is truly unique among the extracellular body fluids, in more ways than we have previously appreciated. A number of established concepts associated with other fluids, such as the concept of “secretion” (i.e. the process of generating new fluid in volume), simply do not apply to endolymph. The high metabolic costs of endolymph generation have resulted in highly efficient homeostatic pro...

Failure to grow thick (3D) implantable bone tissue is partly due to the lack of tissue vascularisation resulting from a fall in nutrient supply to the cells as the distance between the cells and nutrient sources increases. Previous attempts that used porous scaffold without hollow fibre (HF) produced tissues of less than 0.5mm thickness which are of limited clinical use. Recent studies suggest ...

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the inability of a fetus to reach its genetically predetermined growth potential. In the absence of a genetic anomaly or maternal undernutrition, FGR is attributable to "placental insufficiency": inappropriate maternal/fetal blood flow, reduced nutrient transport or morphological abnormalities of the placenta (e.g., altered barrier thickness). It is not known w...