An oxidative chain reaction of sulfite initiated by the superoxide ion produced in the Mehler reaction has been implicated in the damage of plants exposed to sulfur dioxide. The toxicity of SO(2) may be alleviated by free radical scavenging systems acting to terminate this chain reaction. Hence, the relative sensitivity of plants to SO(2) toxicity could depend on differences in the responses of...

The material flow and microstructural evolution in the friction stir welds of a 6061-Al alloy to itself and of a 6061-Al alloy to 2024-Al alloy plates of 12.7 mm in thickness were studied under different welding conditions. The results showed that plastic deformation, flow, and mechanical mixing of the material exhibit distinct asymmetry characteristics at both sides of the same and dissimilar ...

Resistance spot welding is an important manufacturing process in the automotive industry for assembling bodies. The quality and strength of the welds and, by extension, the body is mainly defined by the quality of the weld nuggets. The most effective parameters in this process are sheet material, geometry of electrodes, electrode force, current intensity, welding time and sheet thickness. The p...

Ultrasonic spot welds have been used as a model system to investigate how to determine the mode-I cohesive parameters associated with interfacial fracture of a spot weld. Numerical analyses indicated that, while multiple combinations of the two cohesive parameters (characteristic strength, σ̂ , and toughness, I ) could result in virtually indistinguishable behaviors for individual geometries, on...

Actionable knowledge is a golden nugget within the data mining research field. Action rules describe possible transitions of objects in an information system from one state to another more desirable state, with respect to a distinguished attribute. In this paper we propose an improved method for generating action rules by incorporating an additional ontology layer on top of the information syst...

A steel/aluminum alloy dissimilar resistance spot welding process was simulated by a three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Furthermore, the time dependent increase of intermetallic compound thickness on joining interface estimated using numerical data temperature history obtained simulation. As result, steel sheet started to melt from center in direction and formed nugget, w...