Protein binding and function often involves conformational changes. Advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments indicate that these conformational changes can occur in the absence of ligand molecules (or with bound ligands), and that the ligands may "select" protein conformations for binding (or unbinding). In this review, we argue that this conformational selection requires transitio...

Background: Androgens are critical steroid hormones in progression of spermatogenesis process and determine the male phenotype that their actions are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In the Androgen receptor, transactivation domain encoded by exon 1, DNA binding domain encoded by exons 2 and 3, hinge region encoded by part of exon 4, and C-te...

Carboxyl-terminal binding protein (CtBP) is a transcriptional corepressor originally identified through its ability to interact with adenovirus E1A. The finding that CtBP-E1A interactions were regulated by the nicotinamide adeninine dinucleotides NAD+ and NADH raised the possibility that CtBP could serve as a nuclear redox sensor. This model requires differential binding affinities of NAD+ and ...

stability of the π-π stacking interactions in the ben||n-substituted-coronene complexes was studied using the computational quantum chemistry methods (where ben is benzene and || denotes π-π stacking interaction, and n-substituted-coronene is coronene molecule which substituted with different number of n atoms). the results reveal simultaneous effects of structure and number of heteroatom on th...

The binding energies of all hydrogen isotopes have been calculated successfully for the first time in a previous paper [J Fusion Energy, 30 (2011) 377], using only the electric and magnetic Coulomb’s laws, without using the hypothetical shell model of the nucleus and its mysterious strong force. In this paper, an elementary calculation gives the order of magnitude of the nuclear interaction. Th...

In this paper, using Monte Carlo Fortran code, we have obtained the binding energies for three different systems of diquark–antidiquark in distances from 0.01 to 15 nm. In [0.1 - 15] nm interval, we made use of Coulomb potential because in this interval, strong interaction is negligible. We have compared the binding energies of the systems with one another. The results of these comparisons...

The role of chiral (pion) dynamics in nuclear matter is reviewed. Contributions to the energy per particle from oneand two-pion exchange are calculated systematically, and it is demonstrated that already at order k f in the Fermi momentum, two-pion exchange produces realistic nuclear binding together with very reasonable values for the compressibility and the asymmetry energy. Further implicati...

Recent observations on Type-Ia supernovae and low density (Ωm = 0.3) measurement of matter including dark matter suggest that the presentday universe consists mainly of repulsive-gravity type ‘exotic matter’ with negative-pressure often said ‘dark energy’ (Ωx = 0.7). But the nature of dark energy is mysterious and its puzzling questions, such as why, how, where and when about the dark energy, a...