insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

Today, franchise contracts are regarded as one of the most important contracts in relation to the transfer of intellectual properties. Despite of such importance, the lack of any legislation in Iranian legal system has caused ambiguity in connection with nature and characteristics of franchise contracts. Due to the fact that the use of such contracts at both national and international level are...

  Paternalism, which has not accepted in the traditional contract law with regard to the persons of Legal capacity, nowadays, is recognized in the labour law and thereby, the government intervention in the labour contracts is prescript to prevent workers from harm to them. This conception is not protected in theory and practice of different theoretical traditions and legal systems as fully and ...

abstract because of the many geopolitical, geo economical and geo strategically potentials and communicational capabilities of eco region, members can expand the convergence and the integration in base of this organization that have important impact on members development and expanding peace in international and regional level. based on quality analyzing of library findings and experts interv...