TO THE EDITOR—Recently, on 11 August 2012, in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, twin earthquakes, both measuring higher than 6 on the Richter scale, led to the death of 300 individuals and thousands more injured. Immediate rescue measures were taken, and all the survivors were placed in temporary shelters (tents) provided by the rescue teams. The primary shock has abated; however, both the surviv...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a condition comprised of oral painful ulcers appearing at inter-vals in different intraoral sites, triggered by a variety of causative agents in certain subgroups of patients. Since there are no studies on the subject in Northwest Iran, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of aphthous ulcer and to assess the associati...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of amblyopia screening in Ardabil Province in three examination levels by kindergarten teacher, optometrist, and ophthalmologist. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the results of the national amblyopic prevention program in 2-6 years old children in Ardabil Province were investigated in 2012. The results pertained to the examinati...

This study was conducted to address the distribution of Acanthamoeba genotypes in therapeutic hot springs in Iran. Sixty water and sediment samples were collected from bicarbonate, sulphur, and sodium chloride thermal springs in the northwest. All hot springs examined are used mainly for health purposes in Iran. Acanthamoeba were identified by both morphology and PCR (polymerase chain reaction)...

BACKGROUND Under-ascertainment and over-ascertainment are common phenomena in surveillance and registry systems of health-related events. Capture-recapture is one of the methods which is applied to determine the sensitivity of surveillance or registry systems to recognize cancer cases. This study aimed to estimate the number of cancers using data available both in the Cancer Registry Center of ...

Abstract By the time of Kublai’s death, Mongol Empire had fractured into four separate khanates or empires including Golden Horde [Kipchak] in northwest, Chagatai Khanate Central Asia, Ilkhanate, based modern-day Iran, and Yuan Dynasty east. Although burial architecture their funeral ritual have been foci archaeologist, there no convincing conclusions about other branches Empire. According to h...

Abstract Regarding disadvantages of fossil fuels, renewables like geothermals can be an eco-friendly source energy. In Iran, the availability fuels and poor policies surrounding subsidies (ranked as first in giving subsidies) caused high energy consumption (1.75 times higher than global average). Energy is mainly provided by that leads to CO 2 emission. This study evaluates trend potentials mor...

Since the 19th century, opium has been produced and consumed in the areas of Asia, currently referred to as the Golden Crescent and the Golden Triangle (1). The Golden Crescent lies in South and Southwest Asia, including districts in the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan, the adjacent Badakhshan area of Afghanistan and the Baluchistan area of Iran. The area has been the scene of tradition...

The seasonal study of wing dimorphism in the European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae), was carried out in northwest Iran. Based on present research, the long-winged (LW) morph appeared in early-mid spring when vegetation density is low and the crickets need to fly to search for food. Study of foretibiae showed that the dactyls are elongated an...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Northwest and southern Iran. Reports of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Northwest areas are rare, and its etiological agents are unknown. In the current study, we report six CL and two post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases caused by Leishmania infantum from endemic areas of VL in the Northwest. Smears were made from skin lesions of 30 suspect...