Noroviruses, an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, have been found to recognize the histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. Different noroviruses revealed different receptor-binding profiles associated with the ABO, secretor, and Lewis HBGA types. Direct evidence of HBGA receptor recognition in viral infection and tropism was obtained from human volunteer challenge stu...

Background: Noroviruses are, after rotaviruses, the most common cause of nonbacterial intestinal infections in children. It has been observed a lower incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis in breast-fed compared to formula-fed infants. Effective vaccines against noroviruses are not yet available, enhancing the interest of the protective mechanisms elicited by human milk. Human milk contains a w...

Human noroviruses are a major cause for gastroenteritis outbreaks. Filter-feeding bivalve molluscs, which accumulate in their digestive tissues, typical vector human infection. RT-qPCR, the established method norovirus detection food, does not allow discrimination between infectious and non-infectious viruses can overestimate potentially viral loads. To develop more accurate of load estimation,...

Typically, human noroviruses cause symptoms of acute gastroenteritis for 2 to 4 days. Often, the virions are shed in stool for several days after the symptoms recede, which in turn can lead to further contamination and transmission. Moreover, a number of reports have considered that chronic norovirus infections, i.e., lasting months and years, might even function as reservoirs for the generatio...

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis around the world. An individual living in the United States is estimated to develop norovirus infection five times in his or her lifetime. Despite this, there is currently no antiviral or vaccine to combat the infection, in large part because of the historical lack of cell culture and small animal models. However, the last few years of ...

BACKGROUND infectious outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) tend to have a significant impact on infection rates and mortality rates of the residents. OBJECTIVES this review aimed to update the information on pathogens identified in such outbreaks and to try to explore indicators that reflect the impact of outbreaks among residents and health care workers (HCWs). METHODS MEDLINE (1...

Noroviruses are one of the major causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis epidemics in humans. Recent studies on norovirus receptors show that different noroviruses recognize different human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), and eight receptor binding patterns of noroviruses have been identified. The P domain of the norovirus capsids is directly involved in this recognition. To determine the pr...