We present a novel, robust and accurate blood velocity estimation technique that is implementable by elementary digital signal processing. In this technique, echoes from repeated firings of a transducer are resampled along a set of predetermined trajectories of constant velocities, called "butterfly lines" because of their intersection at a reference range. The slope of the trajectory on which ...

We build on the work of all the authors contributing to this Special Supplement by summarizing findings across their samples of data, and we also draw on samples published elsewhere. Using 21 samples of adult data from 17 countries we create a composite set of internationally-based reference means and standard deviations from which we compute T-scores for each sample. Figures illustrate how the...

OBJECTIVE To compare the facial characteristics of attractive Chinese men with those of reference men. MATERIALS AND METHODS The three-dimensional coordinates of 50 facial landmarks were collected in 40 healthy reference men and in 40 "attractive" men, soft tissue facial angles, distances, areas, and volumes were computed and compared using analysis of variance. RESULTS When compared with r...

Spirometric volumes and expiratory flows were measured among 448 Senegalese males and females of 25-80 yrs of age. The values obtained are similar to those reported for black Africans and black Americans in the literature. Volumes are 15-25% lower in males and 23% lower in females than in Caucasians. Forced expiratory flow between 25-75% of vital capacity (VC), (FEF25-75) is 5-18% lower in male...

At present, enterprises have urgent needs to conduct an effective and stable statistical analysis on big data. With a view to solving the issue of analysis and processing of big data in respect of enterprise business, this essay proposes a hybrid structure mode based on the MapReduce technology and the parallel database technology, discusses the principle on which the mode is used to realize th...

Considering the Arctic Ocean (including sea ice) as a defined volume, we develop equations describing the time-varying fluxes of mass, heat and freshwater (FW) into, and storage of those quantities within, that volume. The seasonal cycles of fluxes and storage of mass, heat and FW are quantified and illustrated using output from a numerical model. The meanings of 'reference values' and FW fluxe...

A, Ahrens W et al. Biomonitoring on carcinogenic metals and oxidative DNA damage in a cross-sectional study. nickel excretion in populations living in the proximity of two Russian nickel refineries: a Norwegian-Russian population-based study. stability and reference values for urinary chromium and nickel. of cadmium, chromium, manganese, nickel and lead in whole blood, urine, axillary hair and ...

A spirometric reference equation consists of a mathematical model with constants and coefficients optimized to fit a specific data set from healthy individuals. Commonly applied models are selected on statistical rather than physiological considerations. A predetermined model with constants and coefficients optimized to various populations would enable interpretable and interesting comparisons ...

OBJECTIVE To establish measurements of selected pituitary parameters in cases with normal pituitary gland in < or = 30 year old selected samples from Karachi. METHODS A total of 220 subjects of < or = 30 years of age with normal pituitary morphology were evaluated by using T2 weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging. Pituitary height (PH) and shape of the superior surface of the gland was obs...

Current recommended reference ranges for echocardiographic measurements may not be relevant to the diverse world population they are applied to. A new study, the echocardiographic normal reference ranges of the left heart (EchoNoRMAL) study, is an individual person data meta-analysis of standard echocardiographic measurements which aims to re-define normal reference ranges of left heart dimensi...