Although it is well known that microbial populations can respond adaptively to challenges from antibiotics, empirical difficulties in distinguishing the roles of de novo mutation and natural selection have left several issues unresolved. Here, we explore the mutational properties of Escherichia coli exposed to long-term sublethal levels of the antibiotic norfloxacin, using a mutation accumulati...

The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, amifloxacin, and norfloxacin against 22 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated by agar dilution. The MICs for 90% of the isolates of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 0.5 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. Amifloxacin and norfloxacin were less active. The MICs for 90% of the isolates of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against 2...

The in vitro activity of Sch 29,482, a new oral beta-lactam antimicrobial agent, was compared with those of norfloxacin, rosoxacin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline against 142 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. Sch 29,482 was as active as norfloxacin and rosoxacin. Its activity was greater than the other three antimicrobial agents. It inhibited 90% of the isolates, regardless of beta-lac...

A series of different N-4-piperazinyl derivatives of norfloxacin was synthesized and screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities to monitor the variation in therapeutic effects of parent molecule. Result revealed that some of the tested compounds showed comparable or better activity than norfloxacin against Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. The structu...

This is the first on the modulation of norfloxacin antibiotic activity by the volatile compounds of an essential oil. We report the chemical composition and antibiotic modifying activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoffm (variety estragole), using the minimal inhibitory dose method and gaseous contact. The leaves of Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoffm (Eu...

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of two norfloxacin (NFLX) formulations, norfloxacin-glycine acetate (NFLXGA) and norfloxacin nicotinate (NFLXN), were compared after single oral administration with a dose of 5 mg equivalent NFLX base/kg of body weight in twenty rabbits. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of all formulations were fitted by a two-compartment open model. The eliminati...

OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of single-dose norfloxacin and ofloxacin in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis in men, and to monitor in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to these antibiotics over time. SETTING Centre Médico-Social de Bilyogo, Kigali, Rwanda. The only clinic in Rwanda using quinolones for the treatment of gonorrhoea. METHODS As part of a monitoring programme, men ...

The problem of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms causing diarrheal diseases in both developed and developing countries continues to be alarming (6). Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the life-threatening disease cholera. Plasmid-encoded high-level resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfonamide, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and gentamicin has been demons...

BACKGROUND/AIMS/METHODS Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent complication of advanced liver disease and in high-risk patients, it is associated with a mean (per episode) mortality of 29% and a mean 1-year mortality of 82%. The 1-year recurrence rate of SBP can be as high as 30-70%. Selective intestinal decontamination with antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to significantly ...