Second order optical nonlinear processes involve the coherent mixing of two electromagnetic waves to generate a new optical frequency, which plays a central role in a variety of applications, such as ultrafast laser systems, rectifiers, modulators, and optical imaging. However, progress is limited in the mid-infrared (MIR) region due to the lack of suitable nonlinear materials. It is desirable ...

The basics of four-wave mixing (FWM) and recent advances in FWM microscopy are reviewed with a particular emphasis on applications in the field of nanomaterials. The vast progress in nanostructure synthesis has triggered a need for advanced analytical tools suitable to interrogate nanostructures one at a time. The single-nanostructure sensitivity of optical microscopy has solidified the optical...

We obtain optical vortices with classical orbital momentum = 1 and spin j = ±1/2 as exact solutions of a system of nonlinear Maxwell equations (NMEs). Two kinds of Kerr-type media, namely, those with and without linear dispersion of the electric and the magnet susceptibility, are investigated. The electric and magnetic fields are represented as sums of circular and linear components. This allow...

We will present a detailed investigation of intersubband transitions process in core-multi shells quantum dots. The confined wave functions and eigenenergies of electrons in quantum dots have been calculated under the effective-mass approximation by solving a three-dimensional Schrodinger equation. Excellent dependence is found between size effects, time relaxation and degenerate four wave mixi...

We will present a detailed investigation of intersubband transitions process in core-multi shells quantum dots. The confined wave functions and eigenenergies of electrons in quantum dots have been calculated under the effective-mass approximation by solving a three-dimensional Schrodinger equation. Excellent dependence is found between size effects, time relaxation and degenerate four wave mixi...

Liquid-crystal materials are composed of molecules with strong anisotropy. An optical field can induce appreciable molecular alignment along the field, resulting in a change of the index of refraction that is proportional to the optical intensity. Third-order nonlinear optical phenomena, such as self-focusing of light,1'2 stimulated scattering,3 and third-harmonic generation,4-6 have been obser...

A method for calculations of the frequency-dependent nonlinear susceptibility of inorganic materials is implemented in the velocity gauge using a linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method within the framework of either the Hartree–Fock approximation or density functional theory. It is based on the standard time-dependent diagrammatic perturbation theory and has previously been applied...

We critically analyze reported measured values of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χð3Þ of bulk gold. Reported values of this quantity span a range of more than three orders of magnitude. Much of this variation results from the use of different measurement procedures which are sensitive to different contributions to the nonlinear optical response. For example, values measured th...

Tellurite TeO2–TiO2–Nb2O5 thin film glasses have been produced by pulsed laser deposition. The dispersion of the real and imaginary parts of the linear refractive index has been measured in the range from 300 to 1700 nm. Films present high refractive index n=2.01 and reduced absorption k 10−4 at =1500 nm. The nonlinear third order optical susceptibility 3 has been determined at four different w...