Selective formation of amorphous, nematic (N), and beta phases in poly(9,9-di-n-octyl-2,7-fluorene) (PFO) films was achieved via judicious choice of process parameters. Phase structure and film morphology were carefully examined by means of X-ray diffraction as well as electron microscopy. "Amorphous" thin films were obtained by quick evaporation of solvent. Slow solvent removal during film for...

The ultrafast radiation damage begins with photoionization, followed by impact ionization by photoand Auger electrons. The ionization of atoms develops with time, ultimately causing lattice disorder and Coulomb explosion of the crystal. Due to very short pulse duration, it has been proposed that diffraction can be recorded before significant structural changes occur. This has been termed “diffr...

Various kinds of soils can be formed from volcanic ash depending on the individual set of soil forming factors at different sites. Among these soils, Andisols or Andosols show unique properties mostly due to abundant noncrystalline materials such as allophane, imogolite, Al-humus complexes, ferrihydrite and so on. Highly porous structures made of aggregated noncrystalline Andisol materials have...

-The effects of Na-citrate-dithionite (NaCD), ammonium oxalate in the dark (NH4Ox-D), and photolytic reaction under ultraviolet radiation (NH4Ox-P) on the mineralogy of <2-/~m fractions of selected soils from Virginia were investigated. The NH4Ox-D treatment removed the smallest amounts of Al (<0.22%) and Fe (<0.50%) from all soils, indicating low levels of noncrystalline material in these mate...

Filamentous phage are elongated semiflexible ssDNA viruses that infect bacteria. The M13 phage, belonging to the family inoviridae, has a length of ∼1 μm and a diameter of ∼7 nm. Here we present a structural model for the capsid of intact M13 bacteriophage using Rosetta model building guided by structure restraints obtained from magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR experimental data. The C5 sub...