Sentences like these are special insofar as their utterance in appropriate circumstances amounts to performing the action identified by the finite verb. The typical formal properties of such sentences in English include first person subjects, second person indirect objects, a present tense non-progressive active form of a speech act verb and the deictic adverb hereby, but performative sentences...

Nominalizations describing events and tropes have a received considerable interest in the semantic (and philosophical) literature. By contrast, nominalizations of modal predicates and the modal objects they describe have received little, if any, attention in the literature so far. This paper is a case study of nominalizations of the sort need and possibility as well as permission, obligation, i...

Most linguistic theories since Chomsky (1973) have hypothesized that longdistance dependencies crossing multiple clauses are mediated by intermediate structures. This paper provides a new source of evidence for the existence of such intermediate structures: reading times during online sentence comprehension. The experiment presented here compares reading times for two structures involving the l...

In the study of Thai nominalization, previous studies have suggested that kaan and khwaam are symmetric. That is to say, they similarity in function, but different meaning. Based on views distribution function structural linguistic theory and, expansion theory, this paper aims khwaam, analyzes grammatical properties nominalizations composed khwaam. It argued there asymmetries between semantics,...

This paper aims at accounting for the emergence and loss of constraints governing the formation of deverbal nominalizations in German from a cognitive point of view. Specifically, diachronic changes in the formation of derivatives in the suffix -ung are investigated on the basis of two large corpora of Middle High German (MHG, 1050-1350) and Early New High German (ENHG, 1350-1650) texts, respec...

1. Overture 2. Descriptive, formal and formalized ontologies 3. Variants of formalized ontology 4. Some data on formal ontologists 5. A note on Husserl’s conception of formal ontology 6. Mereologies 7. Nominalization 8. The forms of representation 9. The logical and the ontological 10. Duality 11. States of affairs and situations of affairs 12. Unfolded state of affairs 13. Ontological duality ...

This paper will provide an account for the existence of pairs of deverbal nominals with –age and –ée giving rise to event readings. We first study the argument structure of the bases and of the derived nominals, and establish the general tendencies. We further examine the Aktionsart of the nominalizations and of the verbal bases. We conclude that these levels of investigation are not sufficient...