We report the results of a high-energy laser calorimeter comparison conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado and the U.S. Air Force Primary Standards laboratory (AFPSL), Heath, Ohio. A laser power meter, used as a transfer standard, was calibrated at each laboratory, sequentially, and the measurement results were compared. These measurements were...

Plotkin’s style of Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) has become a de facto standard in giving operational semantics to formalisms and process calculi. In many such formalisms and calculi, the concepts of names, variables and binders are essential ingredients. In this paper, we propose a formal framework for dealing with names in SOS. The framework is based on the Nominal Logic of Gabbay an...

The purpose of this study was to show that the nominal peak tube voltage potential (kVp) and measured half-value layer (HVL) can be used to generate energy spectra and fluence profiles for characterizing a computed tomography (CT) X-ray source, and to validate the source model and an in-house kV X-ray dose computation algorithm (kVDoseCalc) for computing machine- and patient-specific CT dose. S...

This article describes our systematic investigation into the utility of employing electronic impedance-based cell sensing measurement systems to evaluate changes in cell behavior. We investigated changes resulting from routine passaging (data not shown) and intentional perturbation. Insights gathered from this and other studies present us with new opportunities for introducing advanced levels o...

In the electromagnetic theory, the vacuum impedance Z0 is a universal constant, which is as important as the velocity of light c0 in vacuum. Unfortunately, however, its significance is not appreciated so well and sometimes the presence itself is ignored. It is partly because in the Gaussian system of units, which has widely been used for long time, Z0 is a dimensionless constant and of unit mag...

Capacitive electrodes overcome electrode polarization problems and enable noninvasive measurements hence they do not obstruct flow and avoid corrosion, wearing and soiling. However, their impedance is much higher than that of direct contact electrodes and, to reduce it, the measurement frequency must be increased, which worsens the effects of stray interelectrode impedance. In this paper, we an...

This article investigates various multiple testing procedures for the testing of unity odds ratios from stratified studies. These procedures compare individual ordered p-values to a series of adjusted nominal levels, and are employed to distinguish between significance and insignificance in stratified studies. Three commonly used approaches for determining p-values are considered: the asymptoti...

The purpose of this study is to provide a new approach for detection using bio-impedance. This impedance is measured by the four-electrode method. As the impedance changes resulting from ankle, knee, and hip movements depended heavily on electrode placement, we determined the optimal electrode configurations for those movements by searching for high correlation coefficients, large impedance cha...