BACKGROUND This study was designed to compare placebo responses in men and women. METHODS Data for 501 women and 375 men with major depressive disorder treated with placebo from seven investigational randomized double-blind trials comparing fluoxetine with placebo were analyzed. Changes in major depressive disorder symptoms with placebo administration were measured as changes in total Hamilto...

Basal cells in nasal epithelium have stemness/progenitor characters and play essential roles in the epithelial remodeling in nasal polyps (NP). We investigate whether the human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs) from patients with NP are inherently distinct from those obtained from healthy controls. Epithelial basal cells were isolated and cultured for four passages from NP tissue...

Heavy-NP shift occurs when speakers prefer placing lengthy or “heavy” noun phrase direct objects in the clause-final position within a sentence rather than in the post-verbal position. Two experiments were conducted in this study, and their results suggested that having a long noun phrase affected the ordering of constituents (the noun phrase and prepositional phrase) by advanced Iranian EFL le...

Abstract Background: Motor learning (ML) can be defined as “any experience-dependent improvement in performance”. Behavioral evidence showed that placebo and nocebo modulate ML, but the neurophysiological underpinnings influence of their effect on implicit processes are still unknown. Objective: The aim this study is to understand if how manipulations could probabilistic sequence explore whethe...

Among patients receiving interventions for pain, the role of nonspecific treatment effects on their outcomes has been the subject of much interest and controversy. Placebo and nocebo effects are widely seen in medicine and biology; however, their underlying psychological and neurobiological mechanisms are only beginning to be more fully understood. Placebo analgesia occurs when a non-analgesic ...