Glioblastoma multiforme is the most severe form of brain cancer. First line therapy includes the methylating agent temozolomide and/or the chloroethylating nitrosoureas [1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CNU] nimustine [1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea; ACNU], carmustine [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; BCNU], or lomustine [1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cycloh...

The technique of alkaline elution was applied to studies of DMA damage and repair in mouse leukemia L1210 cells treated with nitrogen mustard (HN2) and nitrosoureas. DMA cross-linking was measured in terms of the reduction in the effect of X-ray on the kinetics of DNA elution and was observed in cells treated with HN2 and three chloroethylnitrosoureas: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, 1-(2...

Chronic inflammation of the urinary tract is a significant risk factor for the development of urinary bladder cancer in humans. We previously demonstrated that weekly treatment with killed Escherichia coli enhanced rat urinary bladder tumorigenesis initiated by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. We conducted the present study to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell wall ...

The influence of feeding a pharmacological level of either selenium (SE), retinyl acetate (RA), or selenium and retinyl acetate (SE + RA) on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis was studied in female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats received 50 mg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea per kg body weight at 50 days of age. Seven days after carcinogen treatment, groups of 25 rats each were placed on l...

The hematological effects of three sugar derivatives of nitrosoureas, Chlorozotocin (2-[(chloro-2-ethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-Dglucopyranose), (chloro-2-ethyl)-1-(ribopyranosyl triacetate2',3',4')-3-nitrosourea, and (chloro-2-ethyl)-1-ribofuranosylisopropylidene-2',3'-p-nitrobenzoate-5')-3-nitrosourea, were studied in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood of mice. The three compounds were i...

Ab initio (self-consistent-field) calculations are performed in order to obtain information about the most stable conformers of methylnitrosourea, chloroethyl nitrosourea, and their corresponding amides (methylnitrosamide and chloroethylnitrosamide). While nitrosoureas are found to exhibit a Z-conformation, nitrosamides are found to exhibit an E-conformation, a difference which could account fo...

Melphalan, ifosfamide, prednisolone, nitrosourea [1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride, ACNU or 1, 3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, BCNU] and vincristine (MIP-NV) were given in combination to 48 patients with multiple myeloma. The response rate was 57% in previously untreated patients, and 39% in previously treated patients. The median survival time...