We propose the use of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) (Holland, 1992) to deal with the attribute selection task of referring expression generation. Evolutionary algorithms operate over a population of individuals (possible solutions for a problem) that evolve according to selection rules and genetic operators. The fitness function is a metric that evaluates each of the possible solutions, ensurin...

To optimize nanoimprint lithography (NIL), it is essential to be able to characterize and control the NIL process in situ and in real time. Recently we have developed a real-time imprint monitoring by the scattering-of-light (RIMS) approach, which allows us to detect the degree of resist deformation and the duration of resist penetration by a mould during the imprint process in real time. In th...

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system is of major importance for glomerular endothelial repair in glomerulonephritis (GN) and is significantly affected by nitric oxide (NO) release. For investigating whether glomerular upregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in GN might affect VEGF-mediated repair, a selective iNOS inhibitor, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysin (L-NIL), was administer...

runtime form of constructive negation does not have this advantage, but applies to many more programs. The simple form of the runtime method 1], given a negative goal :A, executes A; if A has a nite SLD-tree with answer substitutions (as substitution formulas) s 1 collection of substitutions in cases as described by Theorem 5, but in general cannot be presented this way. For example, the goal :...

In the present paper we extend the methods of the Weierstrass (or spinor) representation of surfaces in R [10, 11] and SU(2) = S [12] for surfaces in the threedimensional Lie groups Nil , S̃L2, and Sol endowed with so-called Thurston’s geometries [9]. The main feature of this approach is that the geometry of a surface is related to the spectral properties of the corresponding Dirac operator. The...

For a space X, we define Frobenius and Verschiebung operations on the nil-terms NAfd ± (X) in the algebraic K-theory of spaces, in three different ways. Two applications are included. Firstly, we obtain that the homotopy groups of NAfd ± (X) are either trivial or not finitely generated as abelian groups. Secondly, the Verschiebung defines a Z[N×]-module structure on the homotopy groups of NAfd ...

To any Frobenius superalgebra $A$ we associate towers of nilCoxeter algebras and nilHecke algebras. These act naturally, via divided difference operators, on polynomial When is the ground ring, our recover classical two-dimensional Clifford algebra, they are Morita equivalent to odd

We prove a non conventional pointwise convergence theorem for a nilsystem, and give an explicit formula for the limit.