The associative processes that support free-operant instrumental avoidance behavior are still unknown. We used a revaluation procedure to determine whether the performance of an avoidance response is sensitive to the current value of the aversive, negative reinforcer. Rats were trained on an unsignaled, free-operant lever press avoidance paradigm in which each response avoided or escaped shock ...

Undergraduates were given a battery of psychological tests to gauge their degree of antisocial personality traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism and nihilism). The students also responded to questionnaires to assess their attitudes toward risk and

This study aims to analyze the application of depreciation methods, useful life, and revaluation fixed assets company's financial performance. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. research was conducted at PG Ngadiredjo which one business units PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X. There are certain that need be revalued in value every few days. Revaluation will affect on balance...

In their article "Ethical Dilemma and Nihilism in Munro's 'Passion'" Xiying Liu and Hongbin Dai discuss ethics in Alice Munro's short story "Passion." When attempting to escape the shackles of multiple ethical identities, the short story's protagonist Grace encounters dilemmas and in consequence makes wrong decisions with regard to the principle of ethics. The other protagonist of the story, Ne...

This paper examines the nature of stimulus representation in associative learning systems. Specifically, it addresses the issue of whether representation is elemental or configural in nature. We use a human causal learning paradigm, employing contingencies more commonly associated with studies of retrospective revaluation. Whereas most models of retrospective revaluation view it as an entirely ...

The concordance between performance and judgements of the causal effectiveness of an instrumental action suggests that such actions are mediated by causal knowledge. Although causal learning exhibits many associative phenomena--blocking, inhibitory or preventative learning, and super-learning--judgements of the causal status of a cue can be changed retrospectively as a result of learning episod...

Previous studies demonstrated that participants will retrospectively adjust their ratings about the relation between a target cue and an outcome on the basis of information about the causal status of a competing cue that was previously paired with the target cue. We demonstrate that such retrospective revaluation effects occur not only for target cues with which the competing cue was associated...