Forested ecosystems are dynamic, subject to natural developmental processes as well as natural and anthropogenic stresses and disturbances. Degradation is a related term. for lowered productive capacity from changes to forest structure of function (FAO. 2001). Degradation is not synonymous with disturbance, however; disturbance becomes degradation when natural resilience mechanisms are overwhel...

Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics of respiratory tract disease that affect all age groups. Many developing countries do not have an influenza surveillance system or adequate laboratory capacity for virus detection. The objective of this study was to describe the influenza surveillance systems in the different countries in the tropics and to identify outstanding research needs. A question...

Currently, a mobile device equipped with multiple heterogeneous wireless Network Interface Cards (NICs), cannot take fully advantage of its capabilities as the conventional mobility management approach allows it to select and use only one of its NICs at a time. In contrast to this approach, we propose the so-called Always Best Packet Switching (ABPS) model that allows applications to use simult...

The fact that modern Networked Industrial Control Systems (NICS) depend on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is well known. Although many studies have focused on the security of NICS, today we still lack a proper understanding of the impact that network design choices have on the resilience of NICS, e.g., a network architecture using VLAN segmentation. In this paper we investigat...

Most of today’s mobile devices have at least two wireless network interface cards (NICs). Future devices are expected to have as many as twelve wireless NICs, with different data transmission capacities and a wide range of energy and dollar costs. When multi-NIC devices are running multiple applications, each unit of application data ought to be scheduled on to the network interface that maximi...

Reduction of a 4,5,6-triphospha[3]radialene gave the corresponding isolable dianionic species. Despite having two deltate dianion-like π-electrons delocalized over the central framework, its small NICS(0)(πzz) value (only -2.2 ppm) indicates only limited aromaticity.

RDMA has become one of the most prominent networking technologies in DCNs by providing high bandwidth and ultra-low latency, especially for data-intensive applications. An important challenge with is to exploit multi-path throughput reliability. Several studies have been proposed utilize networks, but they commonly require modification NICs, which makes it hard deploy them practice. In this pap...