The giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, is an amphibious fish that builds burrows in the mudflats. It can actively excrete ammonia through its gills, and tolerate high environmental ammonia. This study aimed to examine the effects of seawater (salinity 30; SW) acclimation and/or environmental ammonia exposure on the kinetic properties of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (Nka) from, and mRNA express...

Cyclosporine A (CsA) causes distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in humans and rodents. Because mice deficient in nitric-oxide (NO) synthase develop acidosis, we examined how NO production modulated H+ excretion during acid loading and CsA treatment in a rat model. Rats received CsA, L-arginine (L-Arg), or N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or combinations of CsA and L-NAME or L-Ar...

Lundy, Robert F., Jr., David W. Pittman, and Robert J. Contreras. Role for epithelial Na1 channels and putative Na1/H1 exchangers in salt taste transduction in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 42): R1923–R1931, 1997.—The effects of the epithelial Na1 channel antagonists amiloride and benzamil and the Na1/H1 exchange antagonist 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA)-Cl ...

We examined the effects of intracellular acidosis produced by washout of NH4Cl on [Ca2+]i transients (indo-1 fluorescence), cell contraction (video motion detector), and 45Ca and 24Na fluxes in cultured chick embryo ventricular myocytes. Exposure of cells to 10 mM NH4Cl produced intracellular alkalosis (pH 7.6), and subsequent washout resulted in a transient acidosis (pH 6.5). Exposure to 10 mM...

The metabolism of variously labeled [13C]- and [14C]glucoses, used at a physiological concentration (5 mM), has been studied in isolated rabbit kidney tubules both in the absence and the presence of NH4Cl. When present as sole exogenous substrate, glucose was metabolized at high rates and converted not only into CO2 and lactate but also, in contrast to a previous conclusion of Krebs (Krebs, H.A...

We demonstrate the presence of an alternate metabolic pathway for urea synthesis in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that converts uric acid to urea via an amphibian-like uricolytic pathway. For these studies, female mosquitoes were fed a sucrose solution containing (15)NH4Cl, [5-(15)N]-glutamine, [(15)N]-proline, allantoin, or allantoic acid. At 24 h after feeding, the feces were collected and analyze...

Herein, the synthesis of methylammonium-free and bromide-free CsxFA1?xPbI3 (FA for formamidinium) perovskite (PVK) photovoltaic layers with intrinsic outstanding properties in terms crystallinity, defect waiving/passivation, ionic mobility blocking by using a coadditives approach is described. It consists mixing two chloride additives PVK precursor solution: potassium (KCl) ammonium (NH4Cl). KC...

BACKGROUND Numerous pathological processes that affect liver function in patients with liver failure have been identified. Among them, hyperammonia is one of the most common phenomena.The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperammonia could induced specific liver injury. METHODS Hyperammonemic cells were established using NH4Cl. The cells were assessed by MTT, ELISA, and flow cyt...