The use of different types of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine in different vaccination schemes has decreased the incidence of velogenic Newcastle disease (VND) in commercial poultry worldwide. In under-developed countries like Pakistan, these vaccination schemes are not successful due to free-range and backyard poultry production. This trial was conducted in 90 experimental chickens to develop a...

In ovo vaccination against Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a common practice in more than 85% of broilers produced in the US. DNA vaccines represent a new tool to prevent infectious diseases in many species, including poultry. An in ovo delivery system for plasmid DNA vaccines is described in which we evaluate the route of delivery (air cell vs amniotic cavity), transfection reagent (IFA+DMSO vs...

The effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (Ulster 2C, B1, live LaSota and inactivated LaSota) of Newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. Seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. All the bir...

Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus was first detected in the People's Republic of China (China) in 1996 and has caused over 100 outbreaks of disease in poultry since 2004. The Chinese Government has pursued a vaccination strategy to control avian influenza infection in poultry. A series of vaccines including whole-virus inactivated vaccine, recombinant fowlpox vaccine and recombinant ...

The aim of this study is to prepare a model for the production of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) lentogenic F strain using cell culture in bioreactor for live attenuated vaccine preparation. In this study, firstly we investigated the growth of Vero cells in several culture media. The maximum cell number was yielded by culture of Vero cells in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) which was 1.9...

Australia claimed freedom from Newcastle disease (ND) in 2001 following the successful eradication of virulent ND from infected farms. The virulent virus was shown to have been derived from a series of mutational changes of the F protein cleavage site in endemic lentogenic virus, with a pronounced increase in virulence from the precursor virus. However, the detection of further precursor ND vir...