Metabolism and renal excretion of valproic acid (VPA) were examined in maternal, fetal, and newborn sheep to identify the underlying reasons for the previously observed reduced VPA clearance in newborn lambs. Plasma and urine from VPA infusion studies in maternal, fetal, and newborn sheep were analyzed for VPA and its metabolites [VPA-glucuronide; beta-oxidation products: (E)-2-ene, (E)-3-ene, ...

Recent studies have radically changed our views of the development of acquired immunity during gestation and perinatal life. It is now apparent that there are considerable differences in the way the immune response matures in different species (Sterzl and Silverstein, 1967; Adinolfi and Wood, 1969; Solomon, 1971). In mice and rats immune reactions are relatively immature even in the newborn. In...

Recent studies have radically changed our views of the development of acquired immunity during gestation and perinatal life. It is now apparent that there are considerable differences in the way the immune response matures in different species (Sterzl and Silverstein, 1967; Adinolfi and Wood, 1969; Solomon, 1971). In mice and rats immune reactions are relatively immature even in the newborn. In...

beta-Adrenergic agonists are important regulators of perinatal pulmonary circulation. They cause vasodilation primarily via the adenyl cyclase-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. We examined the responses of isolated fourth-generation pulmonary veins of term fetal (145 +/- 2 days gestation) and newborn (10 +/- 1 days) lambs to isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist. In vessel...

In this study, a method based on using image processing and artificial neural network is introduced to determine pelt color and curl size of newborn lambs in Zandi sheep. The data was collected from 300 newborn lambs reared in the Zandi sheep breeding centre of Khojir, Tehran. Primarily, curl size and pelt color of new born lambs was recorded by experienced appraisers, and at the same time, sev...

New-born lambs have limited energy reserves and need a rapid access to colostrum to maintain homeothermy and survive. In addition to energy, colostrum provides immunoglobulins which ensure passive systemic immunity. Therefore, getting early access to the udder is essential for the neonate. The results from the literature reviewed here highlight the importance of the birth site as the location w...