Quantitative light absorption data of the neutral free flavosemiquinone are reported. It is shown that the visible range of the spectrum of the radical is drastically dependent on the solvent. The spectra of the neutral blue flavosemiquinone are compared with those of the blue flavoprotein radicals and conclusions are drawn concerning the environment of the protein-bound flavosemiquinone. The s...

Objective
 The aim of this study was to compare four commonly
 used cytotoxicity assays (XTT, neutral red uptake, crys-
 tal violet assay, and propidium iodide staining) which
 analyzed the antiproliferative effects vitamin K2.
 Material Method
 Saos-2 cells, an osteosarcoma cell line, were
 exposed K2 at different concentrations (10
 μM, 20 30 40 50 100 ...

Photosystem II, Watersplitting, Model of H+-Production Using pH indicator dye techniques we have investigated the pH changes in dark-adapted chloro­ plasts following excitation by short flashes. Two types of pH indicator, cresol red and neutral red, were used, to follow the pH changes either inside or outside the thylakoids, or the net change when the membrane was made permeable to protons by u...

A clinical trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of neutral red photodynamic inactivation treatment of genital herpes infections with that of a non-photoactive dye, phenol red, as a control. In a series of nineteen patients with virologically proven herpes genitalis who were adequately followed, eleven were treated with neutral red, and eight with phenol red; no difference in response to...

Uptake of phosphate by the everted intestinal sacs of mice was measured at various concentrations of this anion in the incubation medium. Phenol red when added to the serosal side was able to inhibit the uptake of phosphate significantly, while uptake of glucose or proline was unaffected. When para amino hippuric acid was present along with phenol red in the serosal compartment, the inhibition ...

Cyanobacterial toxins, especially microcystins (MCs), are found in eutrophized waters throughout the world. Acute poisonings on animals and humans have been reported following MC exposure. Around 80 MCs variants have been isolated in surface waters worldwide so far. The toxicity of the most frequent MC congener, MC-LR, is well known; however, studies dealing with MC-RR and MC-YR are less abunda...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bacterial infections remain a significant threat to human health. Due to the emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance, development of novel antibiotics is required in order to ensure that effective treatment remains available. There are several reports on the ethnomedical use of Tabernaemontana elegans pertaining to antibacterial activity. AIM OF THE STUDY ...

Agnathans, comprising lamprey and hagfish species, have been reported to be practically devoid of HCO3-/Cl- exchange across the red blood cell membrane. This suggests that the capacity of their haemoglobin (Hb) to remove H+ is essential for obtaining a high CO2-carrying capacity in the blood. Hydrogen ion titrations were performed on oxygenated and deoxygenated composite Hbs from river lamprey ...