We report a 48-year-old female with the history of Sjogren's syndrome who presented with 3-week history of tingling, numbness, and shooting back, waist, and bilateral leg pain and numbness in the pelvic region with urinary and bowel incontinence. Physical examination was remarkable for reduced motor power in both lower extremities with spasticity. Sensory deficit was noted at the T6 level. Labo...

The disease concept of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders(NMOSD) has undergone a significant change over the last two decades including detection Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein(MOG) antibody in patients who are seronegative for aquaporin-4 antibody. Aquaporin-4 positive NMOSD is now regarded as an immune astrocytopathy. Conversely, MOG associated known to target myelin rather than ast...

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare syndrome of severe inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system, causing attacks of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Although uncommon, attention should be given to the proper identification and management of the affected patients. We present a case of a 13-year-old girl with severe neuromyelitis optica. The patient's initial presentation ...

The focus of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge on visual pathway damage in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

W hat is the most important moment in the history of a disease? Let us consider neuromyelitis optica (NMO), which was coined by French neurologist Eugene Devic in 1894 for a disease believed until recently to be a subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS). The discovery (in 2004) of a disease-specific biomarker for NMO revolutionized our understanding of both NMO and MS (1). In PNAS, Hinson et al. (2)...

Objectives To identify clinical features of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody positive optic neuritis (ON) in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) a UK cohort. Methods We performed retrospective review case notes NMOSD patients referred to the joint National service (based at Liverpool Oxford) for AQP4 by cell based assay between 2006 2011. The features, visu...

Current management of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is noncurative and only partially effective. Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents are the mainstays of maintenance treatment. Safer, better-tolerated, and proven effective treatments are needed. The perceived rarity of NMO has impeded clinical trials for this disease. However, a diagnostic biomarker and recognition of a wider spectrum of ...

Background. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severely disabling autoimmune disorder of the CNS, which mainly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. However, recent studies have shown that extra-opticospinal are more common in NMO than previously thought. Objective. To investigate olfactory function (OF) in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) versus healthy controls (HC). Methods. Psychop...