The postresuscitation phase after out-of-hospital circulatory arrest shares similarities with severe sepsis. Corticosteroid replacement is beneficial in patients with septic shock and adrenal dysfunction. The goal of this study was to assess baseline cortisol and adrenal reserve of out-of-hospital circulatory arrest patients after recovery of spontaneous circulation. Thirty-three consecutive pa...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the bilirubin albumin (B/A) ratio in comparison with total serum bilirubin (TSB) for predicting acute bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND). METHODS Fifty two term and near term neonates requiring phototherapy and exchange transfusion for severe hyperbilirubinemia in Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, during September 2007 to Sep...

Poisoning by acute high-level exposure to certain pesticides has well-known neurotoxic effects, but whether chronic exposure to moderate levels of pesticides is also neurotoxic is more controversial. Most studies of moderate pesticide exposure have found increased prevalence of neurologic symptoms and changes in neurobehavioral performance, reflecting cognitive and psychomotor dysfunction. Ther...

Neurologic deficits following cardiac surgery persist as common complications with a significant impact to the patient’s quality of life [1,2]. Clinical manifestations of these deficits are variable, ranging from frank stroke as worst case scenario to the more subtle neurocognitive deficits [2,3]. Despite extensive research in the field, the mechanisms leading to neurologic dysfunctions are not...

BACKGROUND Neurocognitive dysfunction is a common complication of cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Elucidating injury mechanisms and developing neuroprotective strategies have been hampered by the lack of a suitable long-term recovery model of CPB. The purpose of this study was to investigate neurologic and neurocognitive outcome after CPB in a recovery model of CPB in the ra...

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure of the compartment inside the skull. Since the brain is almost completely incompressible, expansion of the volume in any component within the skull causes an increase in the pressure of the cranial compartment. Increased intracranial pressure can lead to decreased blood flow, resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to the brain and neuronal dysfunction...

Virus infections of the brain can lead to transient or permanent neurologic or psychiatric dysfunction. Some of the complexities in establishing the causal role of viruses in brain disease are explored here.

Patients with preexisting neurologic disease present a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist. The cause of postoperative neurologic deficits is difficult to evaluate, because neural injury may occur as a result of surgical trauma, tourniquet pressure, prolonged labor, improper patient positioning, or anesthetic technique. Progressive neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis may coincid...

Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) is the constellation of neurologic sequelae following milder degrees of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia than are associated with kernicterus. Clinically, BIND may manifest after the neonatal period as developmental delay, cognitive impairment, disordered executive function, and behavioral and psychiatric disorders. However, there is controversy regard...

Sexual dysfunction affects both men and women, involving organic disorders, psychological problems, or both. Overall, the state of our knowledge is less advanced regarding female sexual physiology in comparison with male sexual function. Female sexual dysfunction has received little clinical and basic research attention and remains a largely untapped field in medicine. The epidemiology of femal...