Epilepsy comprises a set of neurologic and systemic disorders characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures, and is the most frequent chronic neurologic disorder. In patients with medically refractory epilepsy, therapeutic options are limited to ablative brain surgery, trials of experimental antiepileptic drugs, or palliative surgery. Vagal nerve stimulation is an available palliative procedu...

The vestibular system is responsible for keeping an animal oriented with respect to gravity. It is a sensory system that maintains the position of the eyes, body, and limbs in reference to the position of the head. Proper interpretation of neurologic deficits and precise neuroanatomic localization are essential to diagnose and prognosticate the underlying disorder. Neurologic examination can co...

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare genetic metabolic disorder of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism that results in systemic and neurologic abnormalities. Typically, the disease begins in infancy with chronic diarrhoea. Cataracts become evident in childhood or adolescence, and xanthomata develop in the second and third decades of life. Significant neurologic impairment also occurs; this...

isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) activity of the cerebrospinal fluid was measured on 88 children with various disorders of the central nervous system and on 19 children with non-neurologic diseases , the latter serving as controls. The cerebrospinal fluid ICD activity ranged from 0.9 to 7 .7 units with a mean of 4.2•}2.1 units in the control series, and was elevated in 7 out of 33 patients with ce...

Sleep problems are frequently addressed as a primary or secondary concern during the visit to the pediatric neurology clinic. Sleep disorders can mimic other neurologic diseases (e.g., epilepsy and movement disorders), and this adds challenges to the diagnostic process. Sleep disorders can significantly affect the quality of life and functionality of children in general and those with comorbid ...

A wide variety of neurologic complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection result from HIV-1 itself or secondarily related to immunosuppression. In Korea, the number of HIV-1 seropositive populations is increasing, but little has been known about the neurologic complications of HIV-1 infection. To investigate the neurologic complications in HIV-1 infected K...

Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) is the constellation of neurologic sequelae following milder degrees of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia than are associated with kernicterus. Clinically, BIND may manifest after the neonatal period as developmental delay, cognitive impairment, disordered executive function, and behavioral and psychiatric disorders. However, there is controversy regard...

Haploinsufficiency of RASA1, located on chromosome 5q14.3, has been identified as the etiology underlying the disorder capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM). Recently, haploinsufficiency of MEF2C, located 1.33 Mb distal to RASA1 on chromosome 5q14.3, has been implicated as the genetic etiology underlying a complex array of deficits including mental retardation, hypotonia, a...

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder associated with neurologic sequelae. The most severe neurologic processes affecting patients with PV are thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes. Few cases published in the medical literature describe developments of other neurologic symptoms, including papilledema, oculomotor nerve palsy, one-and-a-half syndrome, and trochlear nerve syndrome, ...