Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin derived from Gram-negative bacteria, which induces brain inflammation. LPS-induced brain inf lammation deteriorates hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits. In the present study, we investigated the effects of forced treadmill exercise and voluntary wheel exercise on short-term memory in relation to neuronal maturation in LPS-induced brain inflammation ...

BACKGROUND Prefrontal cortex (PFC) represents the highest level of integration and control of psychic and behavioral states. Several dysfunctions such as autism, hyperactivity disorders, depression, and schizophrenia have been related with alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Among the cortical layers of the PFC, layer II shows a particular vertical pattern of organization, the highest c...

INTRODUCTION Radiation therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of brain tumors, but neurocognitive deficits remain a significant risk, especially in pediatric patients. In recent trials, hippocampal sparing techniques are applied to reduce these adverse effects. Here, we investigate dose-dependent effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on juvenile hippocampal neurogenesis. Additionally, we...

Although many studies regarding ischemic brain damage in the gerbil have been reported, studies on neuronal damage according to various durations of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) have been limited. In this study, we examined neuronal damage/death and glial changes in the somatosensory cortex 4 days after 5, 10 and 15 min of transient cerebral ischemia using the gerbil. To examine neuronal damage, ...

We investigated the postnatal alterations of neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive neurons, parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive interneurons, and neurotrophic factors in the mouse striatum and frontal cortex using immunohistochemistry. NeuN, PV, nNOS, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity were measur...

Dopamine levels in the fetal brain were increased by administering the dopamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (l-DOPA) to pregnant mice in drinking water. The l-DOPA exposure decreased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling in the lateral ganglionic eminence and frontal cortical neuroepithelium but not medial or caudal ganglionic eminences. The regional differences appear to reflect hetero...

Neurogenesis in the adult rodent brain is largely restricted to the subependymal zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). We examined whether cholecystokinin (CCK) through actions mediated by CCK1 receptors (CCK1R) is involved in regulating neurogenesis. Proliferating cells in the SVZ, measured by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injected 2 h prior ...

Iran J Pediatr; Vol 24 (No 4), Aug 2014 Published by: Tehran University of Medical Sciences (http://ijp.tums.ac.ir) Fig.1: Left. NeuN-immunonegative neurons in a pontine histological section of a SIDS victim dead at 2 months. Right. NeuN_immunopositivity in an equivalent section of a control case (late fetal death -38 gestational weeks) for comparison NeuN immunostaining. Magnification: 40× che...

The ability to overexpress full-length huntingtin or large fragments represents an important challenge to mimic Huntington's pathology and reproduce all stages of the disease in a time frame compatible with rodent life span. In the present study, tetracycline-regulated lentiviral vectors leading to high expression levels were used to accelerate the pathological process. Rats were simultaneously...