Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose that combines the best of both worlds -- simplicity state preparation in DV-QKD together with cost-effective and high-bandwidth homodyne detectors used CV-QKD. Our proposed has two highly...

An identity-based non-interactive public key distribution system is presented that is based on a novel trapdoor one-way function allowing a trusted authority to compute the discrete logarithms modulo a publicly known composite number m while this is infeasible for an adversary not knowing the factorization of m. Without interaction with a key distribution center or with the recipient of a given...

AbstrucfIn 1984, Shamir introduced the concept of an identity-based cryptosystem. In this system, each user needs to visit a key authentication center (KAC) and identify himself before joining a communication network. Once a user is accepted, the KAC will provide him with a secret key. In this way, if a user wants to communicate with others, he only needs to know the “identity” of his communica...

background : spiritual needs are among an individual’s essential needs in all places and times. with his physical and spiritual dimensions and the mutual effect of these two dimensions, human has spiritual needs as well. these needs are an intrinsic need throughout the life; therefore, they will remain as a major element of holistic nursing care. one of the greatest challenges for nurses is to ...

Most continuous-variable quantum key distribution schemes are based on the Gaussian modulation of coherent states followed by continuous quadrature detection using homodyne detectors. In all previous schemes, the Gaussian modulation has been carried out in conjugate quadratures thus requiring two independent modulators for their implementations. Here, we propose and experimentally test a largel...