BACKGROUND Management pain in hospitalized children is challenging for the health-care professionals. Nurses have the most interactions with children who need to assess and manage for their pain. Therefore, the aim was to describe nurses' experiences from pain management among hospitalized children from Iranian culture in this study. METHODS A phenomenological study was conducted in which 23 ...

This paper is the third and final one in a sequence of three. All three papers emphasize that a proposition can be justified by an infinite regress, on condition that epistemic justification is interpreted probabilistically. The first two papers showed this for one-dimensional chains and for one-dimensional loops of propositions, each proposition being justified probabilistically by its precurs...

Ownership types were proposed to characterize the topology of objects on the heap. They notionally organize objects into boxes, and each box belongs to an object – its owner. In most ownership-based systems, the box protects the object from its environment in some way. Thus, the owner may play the owners-as-dominators role, whereby the owner restricts access to the objects in a box, (i.e. the “...

For some Canadians, the term “housing policy” evokes images of public housing, government subsidies for low-income households, and programs aimed at helping Canada’s unhoused individuals and families. It is easy, though inaccurate, to view housing policy as having this limited scope. After all, 95 percent of Canadian households obtain their housing from the private market. Two-thirds of all hou...

Given more than seven thousand years of urbanization and highly diverse topographic andgeographical conditions, Iran is one of the treasures through the world's architectural history. Climatic diversity,on the one hand, and long history of living, on the other hand, has led to noteworthy and valuable achievement inarchitecture and urbanization within this country. However, these elements are le...

A guide dog is a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) that is specifically educated to provide mobility support to a blind or visually impaired owner. Current dog suitability assessments focus on behavioural traits, including: trainability, reactivity or attention to environmental stimuli, low aggressiveness, fearfulness and stress behaviour, energy levels, and attachment behaviour. The aim of this ...

what does libertarian theory, murray rothbard’s theory in particular, tell us about the rights of children? the two foundational principles of rothbardian libertarianism are the sanctity of private property and the rule of non-aggression. persons, including children, are “self-owners”. yet children, at a young age, are not yet capable of functioning fully as “self-owners.” they must be cared fo...