Selection of appropriate infrastructure transportation projects such as highways, plays an important role in promotion of transportation systems. Usually in evaluation of transportation projects, because of lack of information or due to long time and high expenditures needed for gathering information, different effective factors are ignored. Thus, in this research, regarding multi criteria na...

We present a proposal for the annotation of multi-word expressions in a 1M corpus of contemporary portuguese. Our aim is to create a resource that allows us to study multi-word expressions (MWEs) in their context. The corpus will be a valuable additional resource next to the already existing MWE lexicon that was based on a much larger corpus of 50M words. In this paper we discuss the problemati...

This study aims to assess the usefulness of multi-word expressions (MWEs) as features for a readability formula that predicts the difficulty of texts for French as a foreign language. Using a MWE extractor combining a statistical approach with a linguistic filter, we define 11 predictors. These take into account the density and the probability of MWEs, but also their internal structure. Our exp...

I t is commonplace to say that central control of large complex entities is doomed to fail. We have numerous examples from economies and societies of the past and the present demonstrating inefficiency when the systems exceed a certain size. In the old days, wise emperors were well aware of the problem and answered appropriately by the principle of divide et impera. Nature seems to have an eleg...

Usually, in real-world engineering problems, there are different types of uncertainties about the studied variables, which can be due to the specific variables under investigation or interaction between them. Fuzzy cognitive maps, which addresses the cause-effect relation between variables, is one of the most common models for better understanding of the problems, especially when the quantitati...

nature has always proven that it is able to overcome its problems. however, humanmanipulation has led to environmental degradations. the dryness of a thousand-year urmia lake(a brine water lake in iran) is an example of environmental degradation that happened due tosuccessive droughts and construction of dams on the basin of this lake. this study examinesmethods for the revival of urmia lake by...

A simple analytical model is presented for calculating the major features of the polarization of skylight over a hemisphere centered on an earthbound observer. The model brings together material from different topics in optics: polarization of plane waves, natural unpolarized light, and dipole scattering. Results calculated with the simple model are compared with experimental data. A brief desc...