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this research investigates the quality of superiority of men in the jurisprudence of shi’ah and tries to answer to this question whether the quality of superiority is executive or a kind of guardianship. to answer to this question, the first two verses of “superiors (qavvamun)” and “rank (darajeh)” are investigated. then the narrations stating the relationship between husband and wife and the r...

what is the true nature of meaning? what is its status? what are differences between meaning, concept, referent and fact? is meaning mental or extra-mental or neither? these are fundamental questions on the nature and ontology of meaning.meaning is identified with concept by some, confused with referent by others. some scholars have not distinguished meaning from referent and fact. still anothe...

This work focuses on the automatic monitoring of the natural environment using images of animals. An unsupervised 3D colour texture segmentation and recognition algorithm is developed and applied in the recognition of natural patterns (monkeys) in outdoor image scenes (Amazon Forest). We present an unsupervised segmentation algorithm, which uses 3D Graph-theoretical clustering for colour images...

enough food, feed, and fi ber to meet increasing demand in conditions of changing climate and scarce natural resources. Innovative policies and new farming approaches based on a strong scientifi c foundation are needed to tackle the challenge of increasing production while also meeting environmental, economic, and social goals. This report, produced with the support of the W.K. Kellogg Foundati...

Naturalness of the neutrino mass hierarchy and mixing is studied. First we select among 12 neutrino mixing patterns a few patterns, which could form the natural neutrino mass matrix. Further we show that if the Dirac neutrino mass matrix is taken as the natural one in the quark sector, then only two mixing patterns without the large mixing lead to the natural right-handed Majorana mass matrix. ...

Floods early this year in Queensland, Australia, received a great deal of attention in the media because they affected a land area the size of Germany and France combined. However, on a world scale this is not exceptional as in some years the land area exposed to flooding is > 17 million km, equal to twice the size of the USA. These dramatic floods occur in all continents of our planet and resu...

The task of a neural associative memory is to retrieve a set of previously memorized patterns from their noisy versions using a network of neurons. An ideal network should have the ability to 1) learn a set of patterns as they arrive, 2) retrieve the correct patterns from noisy queries, and 3) maximize the pattern retrieval capacity while maintaining the reliability in responding to queries. Th...