An integrated Artificial Neural NetworkParticle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is presented for analyzing global electricity consumption. To aim this purpose, following steps are done: STEP 1: in the first step, PSO is applied in order to determine world’s oil, natural gas, coal and primary energy demand equations based on socio-economic indicators. World’s population, Gross domestic product (GDP), o...

In terms of sharp drop of international oil prices in the second half of 2008 after heading skyward in the first half of 2008 following continual growth since 2005, while at the same time certain parity among energy prices was disrupted, the author of this article tried to investigate key factors that influenced oil and gas industry and to answer the question what would be a »fair» price of cru...

The antimicrobial activity of essential oils of oregano, thyme, basil, marjoram, lemongrass, ginger, and clove was investigated in vitro by agar dilution method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis). MIC(90%) values were tested again...

Six members of the mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels respond to varied temperature thresholds. The natural compounds capsaicin and menthol activate noxious heat-sensitive TRPV1 and cold-sensitive TRPM8, respectively. The burning and cooling perception of capsaicin and menthol demonstrate that these ion channels mediate thermosensation. We show that, in addition to noxiou...

In the last decades, the problem of perforation damage has been considered as the major factor for the reduction of oil productivity. Underbalance perforation is considered as one of the best means to minimize or overcome this problem. By maintaining wellbore pressure lower than formation pressure, perforation damage could be minimize or eliminated. This can be achieved by the use of nontraditi...

Purpose: To establish an efficient method to recycle natural borneol from Cinnamomum camphor chvar. Borneol oil residue. Methods: The fractions and raffinate of the oil residue of Cinnamomum camphor chvar. Borneol were obtained by fractional distillation, and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Natural borneol w...

In this work the likelihood of asphaltene deposition problems during dynamic displacement of oil by natural gas in unconsolidated porous media is experimentally inspected. The two different rock materials, limestone and sandstone, are used as a representative of porous media. Dynamic flow experiments indicate that the increase of natural gas injection increases asphaltene deposition in the unco...

Abstract: The oil recovery factor from shale oil remains low, about 5 to 7% of the oil in place. How to increase oil recovery from shale oil reservoirs is attracting more and more attention. CO2 huff-and-puff was historically considered one of the best approaches to improve the oil rate. Most previous simulation studies have been based on dual porosity, but simulation results from dual-porosity...

Natural gas is lauded as a cleaner-burning fuel than either coal or oil, but getting the fuel out of the ground can be a dirty process, especially given the widespread adoption of the technology known as hydraulic fracturing (" fracking "). Concerns about toxic air emissions from previously unregulated fracking sites led to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announcement on 18 April 2012 ...

Problem statement: Some vegetable oils contains natural antioxidants such as beta carotene and vitamin E namely tocopherol and tocotrienol. Different vegetable oils contained different amount of vitamin E and β-carotene. Approach: Study was carried out to investigate the natural antioxidants (vitamin E and beta carotene) composition in four different vegetable oils [Red Palm Olein (RPO), palm p...