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Forty years ago, Lehrman (1971) identified 2 orientations to the study of animal behavior. The natural history orientation conducted field and lab research designed to reveal how animals cope with the circumstances of their natural environment. Such research reveals the diversity among different types of animals and differences between the world of animals and the world of humans (i.e., "poetry...

This article analyzes opinions expressed by Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani on the origin and constitution of fossils on three of his travels, which punctuated three courses in mineralogy he gave in the natural history discipline at the University of Pavia. These trips to Portovenere, the island of Cerigo and the Two Sicilies enabled him to address important topics, such as the discovery...

The status of 18 patients presenting with ocular psychosomatic symptoms is reviewed 10 to 18 months after presentation. All the patients had been discharged after the examination and reassurance given at the initial interview. In 8 patients symptoms had completely ceased, but 10 patients retained their symptoms. Transitory, self-limiting symptoms were more commonly associated with anxiety and o...

Since the first description of ocular onchocerciasis in Africa was published (Hissette, 1931) many records have been made of the ocular lesions (e.g. Bryant, 1935; Hissette, 1938; Toulant and Boithias, 1952a, 1952b, 1954; World Health Organization Regional Conference on Onchocerciasis, 1956). However, no detailed account has been written of the progress of ocular signs and visual acuity in an u...

P rior to the blight epidemic, American chestnut (Castanea dentata Borkh.) was one of the most important timber and nut-producing tree species in eastern North America (U.S. Census Bureau 1908). Its native range extended from southern Maine and Ontario in the north to Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi in the south (Sargent 1905). It now exists primarily as stump sprouts across its entire native ...

G. Garcia-Tsao () Digestive Diseases Section, Yale University School of Medicine and VA-CT Healthcare System, 333 Cedar Street—1080 LMP, New Haven, CT 06510, USA e-mail: [email protected] Cirrhosis is considered the end stage of chronic liver disease of any etiology with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that are due to portal hypertension and/or liver insufficiency. The...

In patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart defects, ultrastructural abnormalities are observed in endothelial cells, which suggest heightened metabolic function. If endothelial production of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) is increased, this may be associated with abnormal interactions with platelets leading to worsening of the pulmonary hypertension. We therefore ...

The Ethnological Society have, from the first, put forward as their motto, and the recommendation of their claim to support, this assertion of Cuvier: "In every region of the earth man has, almost universally, been regarded by us with indifference. It is difficult to account for such neglect, but it is no less a misfortune to be deplored.' Much has indeed been done towards the vindication of th...