By increasing the extraction of natural gas, its role in the restructured power systems is being expanded, due to its lower pollution. Iran has the second largest reserves of natural gas in the world and exports it to different countries. This paper represents long run analysis of natural gas export from Iran to Turkey as a case study, considering direct transfer and exporting via the power mar...

A novel computational fluid dynamics-population balance model (CFD-PBM) for the simulation of gas mixing in activated sludge (i.e., an opaque non-Newtonian liquid) in a bubble column is developed and described to solve the problem of measuring the hydrodynamic behavior of opaque non-Newtonian liquid-gas two-phase flow. We study the effects of the inlet position and liquid-phase properties (wate...

Most hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster formation carried out to date have tried to model the cosmic gas as an ideal, inviscid fluid, where only a small amount of (unwanted) numerical viscosity is present, arising from practical limitations of the numerical method employed, and with a strength that depends on numerical resolution. However, the physical viscosity of the gas in hot gala...

Introduction The formatIOn of periodIC patterns (stnatlOn) has drawn much attentIon In contInUOUS wave laser cutt time (s) tp time penod per oxidation cycle (s) U gas velOCIty profile (m/s) Uo streamwlse gas velOCIty (m/s) V Interfacial velOCIty (m/s) u lIqUId velOCIty In x dIrectIOn (m/s) v hqUId velOCIty In y dIrectIOn or cuttIng speed (m1s) v. fnctIon velOCIty (m/s) W actIvatIOn energy (J) W...

We explore the viscosities of a photon gas by means of the Euler-Heisenberg effective theory and quantum electrodynamics at zero electron chemical potential. We find parametric estimates that show a very large shear viscosity and an extremely small bulk viscosity (reflecting the very weak coupling simultaneously with a very approximate dilatation invariance). The system is of some interest beca...

Natural gas is often associated with nitrogen and heavy compounds. The Heavy components in the natural gas not only can feed downstream units, owing to the low temperature process may be formed solid as well. Therefore, heavy components separation can be a necessity and produce useful products. Virtually, all natural gases are containing nitrogen ​​that would lower the heating value of natural ...

The subject of angular momentum transport is important in theories concerning accretion disks. The αmodel of Shakura and Sunyaev1) assumes outward transportation of angular momentum due to some viscous force. This viscosity is believed to originate from turbulence, because the molecular viscosity is far too small in this case. Because the viscosity formula for turbulence is not well known, gene...

the present sought to draw a comparison between model predictive control performance and two other controllers named simple pi and selective pi in controlling large-scale natural gas transport networks. a nonlinear dynamic model of representative gas pipeline was derived from pipeline governing rules and simulated in simulink® environment of matlab®. control schemes were designed to provide a s...

gas injection into heavy oil reservoirs could result in high ultimate recovery of oil. experimental studies showed that an application of a combined technology of gas assisted gravity drainage (gagd) and vapor extraction (vapex) could increase final oil recovery of a candidate viscous oil reservoir. in this paper the results of laboratory investigation are presented, including pressure-volume-t...