In the recent years the demand for intuitive communication between user and machine is growing. Therefore, the synthesis and analysis of emotions play significant role in computer systems [1]. Facial expressions can improve man-machine interactions, because the human face is natural medium of communication. We have created threedimensional model according to face topology and anatomy. In our ap...

The interpretation of patterns of cranial pneumatization in terms of evolution, development, and function is controversial, because these structures exhibit extreme diversity and variability among and within taxa. However, there is general consensus that air-filled spaces are formed by invasion of mucous epithelial tissue from the nasopharyngeal cavity into the surrounding cranial bones. This i...

Bones are bio-composites with biologically tunable mechanical properties, where a polymer matrix of nanofibrillar collagen is reinforced by apatite mineral crystals. Some bones, such as antler, form and change rapidly, while other bone tissues, such as human tooth dentine, develop slowly and maintain constant composition and architecture for entire lifetimes. When studying apatite mineral micro...

We describe a new hybrid approach to modeling and animating animals. A pre–defined skin is modeled as a triangle mesh, such as may be purchased from a digital model vendor, or generated with a typical modeling program. This skin is then attached to the underlying bone, muscle, and tissue model. The rest shape of the skin is exactly as given in the surface model of the animal. Internal component...

Long bones are far from being simple cylinders, so how is the relative positioning of their various features maintained during growth? A new study shows that growth is isometric and that drift from the correct position is minimized. Read the Research Article.

Background: The supratrochlear foramen (STF) is an important and relatively common anatomic variation in the lower end of the humerus in humans. In recent years it has become clear that STF should be emphasized because anatomical knowledge of STF is useful for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The anatomical structure of the humerus may play an important role i...

Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary field, which aims to apply innovative biomaterials to replace or restore ill or damaged tissues of the human body, such as skin and bones. In particular, porous scaffolds are used as temporary 3D templates to support cell attachment and proliferation during the spontaneous regeneration of natural tissues and this approach is particularly promising for ...