Denitrification of the Arctic winter stratosphere has been calculated using a 3-D microphysical model for the winters 1994/95, 1995/96, 1996/97 and 1999/2000. Denitrification is assumed to occur through the sedimentation of low number concentrations of large nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles (as inferred by e.g. Fahey et al., 2001). We examine whether the meteorological conditions that all...

a Dr. rer. nat. Martin Heller b Dipl.-Biol. Heide-Katharina Bauer c Elisabeth Goetze d Matthias Gielisch e Ibrahim T. Ozbolat, PhD f Kazim K. Moncal, BEng g Elias Rizk, MD h Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hermann Seitz i Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Michael Gelinsky j Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. med. Heinz C. Schröder k Prof. Dr. Xiaohong H. Wang l Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Werner E. G. Müller m Prof. Dr. med. Dr. med. dent. Bil...

Since its discovery in 1923, the biology of photoperiodism remains a mystery in many ways. We sought the link connecting the circadian system to an endocrine switch, using Antheraea pernyi. PER-, CLK- and CYC-ir were co-expressed in two pairs of dorsolateral neurons of the protocerebrum, suggesting that these are the circadian neurons that also express melatonin-, NAT- and HIOMT-ir. The results...

In this report, we demonstrate an interaction between subtilisin NAT (formerly designated BSP, or nattokinase), a profibrinolytic serine proteinase from Bacillus subtilis, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Subtilisin NAT was purified to homogeneity (molecular mass, 27.7 kDa) from a saline extract of B. subtilis (natto). Subtilisin NAT appeared to cleave active recombinant prokaryot...

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are a homologous family of enzymes, which acetylate arylamines, arylhydroxylamines, and arylhydrazines by acetyl transfer from acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) and are found in many organisms. NAT was first identified as the enzyme responsible for the inactivation of the anti-tubercular drug isoniazid in humans. The three-dimensional structure of NAT from Salmone...

The New Zealand White rabbit provides a widely used animal model for the human acetylation polymorphism, which confers marked interindividual variation in the effect and toxicity of numerous drugs, chemicals, and potential carcinogens. The relationship of a recently isolated cDNA clone, designated rnat, to genetically polymorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT; acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyl...

BACKGROUND Recent years have seen standardization of the anatomic definitions of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and increasing utilization of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). The aim of the current review was to summarize the evidence for NAT in pancreatic adenocarcinoma since 2009, when consensus criteria for resectable (R), borderline resectable (BR), and locally advanced (LA) disease were endorsed. ...

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a technique commonly used to share one public IPv4 address among several hosts located behind a NAT device. NAT devices typically block session requests originating from outside, causing NAT traversal problem that prevents the establishment of peer-topeer (P2P) sessions. There have been many proposals for the NAT traversal problem. However, existing methods ...

BACKGROUND Natalizumab (NAT) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against a4-integrin initially approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and then withdrawn from the market in 2005 due to the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. NAT was approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States in 2008 under a restricted distribution program. There has been limited ...

Comparative two-dimensional proteome analysis was used to identify proteins differentially expressed in multiple clinical normal and breast cancer tissues. One protein, the expression of which was elevated in invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas when compared with normal breast tissue, was arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 (NAT-1), a Phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme. NAT-1 overexpressio...