Developing siRNA therapeutics poses technical challenges including appropriate molecular design and testing in suitable pre-clinical models. We previously detailed sequence-selection and modification strategies for siRNA candidates targeting STAT6. Here, we describe methodology that evaluates the suitability of candidate siRNA for respiratory administration. Chemically-modified siRNA exhibited ...

Topical phenylephrine, an agent used to facilitate nasotracheal intubation and prevent nasal mucosal bleeding, can cause severe hypertension in some patients, secondary to its stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Moreover, a high incidence of pulmonary edema is found in patients whose phenylephrine administration is followed by treatment with beta-blocking agents. We report a case of acut...

Chitosan and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin were the most to be studied absorption enhancers for nasal administration recently. The enhancing absorption mechanisms of each other were different. Authors chosen estradiol as the model drug used in situ and in vivo methods to study whether or not they could combine to enhance the nasal absorption. In situ study data indicated that the optimal c...

BACKGROUND Quercetin, a dietary flavonoid found in many fruits, red wine and onion, among others, has been reported to have potent anti-oxidant, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects. Although quercetin is also reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, the precise mechanisms by which quercetin favorably modify the clinical conditions of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinit...

This study showed that nasal allergy patients have increased nasal airway resistance and tissue kallikrein activity in nasal lavage in accordance with the severity of symptoms. Nasal airway resistance and tissue kallikrein activity were significantly increased in the nasal lavage collected 15 min after antigen challenge, placement of a disk containing house dust antigen. The free kinin level in...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuronal apoptosis is a key pathological process in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury. Given that recombinant osteopontin (rOPN), a promising neuroprotectant, cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier, we aimed to examine whether nasal administration of rOPN prevents neuronal apoptosis after experimental SAH. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of co-administration of two absorption enhancing bile salts, sodium glycocholate (NaGc) and sodium salicylate (NaSal), on insulin absorption via intestinal targeted delivery system. Methods: Insulin (10 IU/kg), associated with and without absorption enhancers (5 % enhancer solution of NaGc or NaSal), was administered to the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum part of...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of nasal oxygen (O(2)) administration on the duration of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) >or=95% during simulated difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS 30 obese men undergoing general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS After thorough preoxygenation, and using ...

Parenteral administration of proteins/peptides requires repeated injections because of their extremely short biological half-life. Daily multiple injections are highly risky and require close medical supervision. Therefore, the delivery of proteins and peptides by routes other than parenteral route h s gained much attention in recent years. As a drug delivery route, nasal cavity offers several ...

The objective of this work was to study the in situ and in vivo nasal absorption of paeonol. A novel single pass in situ nasal perfusion technique was applied to examine the rate and extent of nasal absorption of paeonol by rats. Various experimental conditions, such as perfusion rate, pH, osmotic pressure and drug concentration, were investigated. The in situ experiments showed that the nasal ...