June 10 2021 Death from Above in Minard's Napoleon Map Richard Taws is Reader the History of Art at University College London. The author Politics Provisional: and Ephemera Revolutionary France (Penn State Press, 2013), he currently completing a book on visual culture telegraphy nineteenth-century France. Search for other works by this on: This Site Google Scholar Author Article Information Onl...

On 17 March 1813 King Frederick William III of Prussia issued his appeal “to my people.” It was a call to arms for the struggle against Napoleon, a war of liberation, “...It is the final, decisive struggle that we must endure, for the sake of our existence, our independence, our fortune. There is no way out except an honorable peace, or glorious defeat.” The proclamation appeared in the newspap...

Real people sometimes appear in fiction, for example, Napoleon in War and Peace. Readers may also believe that a person who never actually appears in a novel could potentially appear there. In two experiments, we find evidence that readers think that a real person could appear in specific novels and physically interact with a character. This effect is magnified when the person and character sha...