Intradermal delivery of antigens for vaccination is a very attractive approach since the skin provides a rich network of antigen presenting cells, which aid in stimulating an immune response. Numerous intradermal techniques have been developed to enhance penetration across the skin. However, these methods are invasive and/or affect the skin integrity. Hence, our group has devised zinc oxide (Zn...

We study by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) the structure of hyaluronan -lysozyme complexes. Hyaluronan (HA) is a polysaccharide of 9 nm intrinsic persistence length that bears one negative charge per disaccharide monomer (M(mol) = 401.3 g/mol); two molecular weights, M(w) = 6000 and 500,000 Da were used. The pH was adjusted at 4.7 and 7.4 so that lysozyme has a global charge of +10 and +...

OBJECT This 2-year experimental study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a bioactive three-dimensional (3D) fabric disc for lumbar intervertebral disc replacement. The authors used a bioresorbable spinal fixation rod consisting of a forged composite of particulate unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactide acid (HA/PLLA) for stability augmentation. The biomechanical and histological alt...

Recent developments in bone tissue engineering have led to an increased interest in one-dimensional (1D) hydroxyapatite (HA) nano- and micro-structures such as wires, ribbons and tubes. They have been proposed for use as cell substrates, reinforcing phases in composites and carriers for biologically active substances. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of 1D HA structures using an optimized, ure...

       This article describes the preparation and analysis of nano hydroxyapatite (HA) films on stainless steel 316L through sol-gel technique. The process started with preparation of a nitrate and phosphate sol. After aging the sol for 24 h at room temperature a SS316 substrate was dip-coated and heat-treated at 350 to 450 °C for different times in air. The coating phase and structure on subs...

Bone graft substitutes are increasingly being used by Orthopaedic surgeons, Dental surgeons and Neurosurgeons to fill up the bone loss and defects resulting from trauma and deformity. Autografts, allografts and mineral bone substitutes are being used for bone grafting. To address the downsides of autograft, allograft and mineral bone graft we developed a novel bone substitute using the propriet...

In the present study, functionalized bioresorbable nanomaterials (less than 50 nm in size) were formulated to specifically attach to cancerous (not healthy) bone to form an implant used to treat bone cancer. After attachment, sustained release of anti-cancer agents occurred at targeted sites. Specifically, inorganic biodegradable nanomaterials (including ceramics like hydroxyapatite or HA) were...

A method allowing fabrication of nano-dot markers for electron tomography was developed using an electron beam-induced deposition in an ordinary dual beam instrument (FIB and SEM) or an SEM. The electron beam deposited nano-dot markers are suitable for automatic alignment of tomographic series. The accuracy of the alignment was evaluated and the method was demonstrated on agglomerated nanoparti...

In order to compare the effects of different spraying of nano zinc oxide and zinc oxide, the arable irrigated wheat was conducted in two separate trials in 2011-2014 lands of Abadeh city.Experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and five replications.In the first experiment, treatments included the application of nano zinc oxide to five levels ( 0 , ...

     In a hydrothermal route devoted for synthesis of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HA) nanostructures, morphology can be controlled by experimental condition to form magical HA or nanostructured nanoparticles. In an intermediate condition, a novel nanostructure namely rose-like bundle of HA rod-likes was found, which is different from known HA nanostructures. The...